Bicycle Parking in the Narrow Streets of Copenhagen An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted To: Professor Susan Jarvis Professor Frederick Bianchi Worcester Polytechnic Institute Submitted By: Jessica Falci Priscilla Dunphy Roberto Garcia Marianne Spang Bech William Pope Miljøpunkt Indre By-Christianshavn May 2, 2016 Copenhagen, Denmark This report represents the work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its website without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, please see http://www.wpi.edu/academics/ugradstudies/project-learning.html. Abstract Our project, sponsored by Miljøpunkt Indre By, focused on optimizing bicycle parking in Inner City Copenhagen, specifically on the narrow street of Studiestræde. The habits of cyclists, the opinions of shop owners, pedestrians, and cyclists, and data gathered through observation and experiments all contributed to the generation of a Pugh Matrix detailing our top recommendations. By implementing these suggestions over time, the Inner City can gradually improve its bicycle parking to continue to attract citizens to cycling and further promote the city’s environmental sustainability. 1 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 5 Background .................................................................................................................................. 5 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 5 Assess the current habits of cyclists ........................................................................................ 6 Identify the Needs of Stakeholders ......................................................................................... 6 Propose Final Bicycle Parking Recommendations ................................................................... 7 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 8 Constraining Landmarks .......................................................................................................... 9 Informative Signs ..................................................................................................................... 9 Flex Parking and Additional Bicycle Racks ............................................................................... 9 Improving the City’s Current Bicycle Removal System .......................................................... 10 Campaigning .......................................................................................................................... 10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 10 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 2: Background ................................................................................................................. 14 Bicycle Parking Congestion in Copenhagen .............................................................................. 14 Copenhagen’s Growing Cycling Community ......................................................................... 15 Effects of Biking on the Copenhagen Community .................................................................... 20 Environmental Impact ........................................................................................................... 20 Political Impact ...................................................................................................................... 21 Negatives Impacts of Poor Bike Parking ................................................................................ 22 Existing Parking Solutions.......................................................................................................... 26 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 3: Methodology ............................................................................................................... 36 2 Assess the Current Habits of Cyclists ........................................................................................ 36 Flow and Hourly Bicycle Counting ......................................................................................... 37 Bicycle Tagging Experiment ................................................................................................... 38 Identify the Needs of Stakeholders ........................................................................................... 39 Propose Final Bike Parking Recommendations ......................................................................... 39 Chapter 4: Results ......................................................................................................................... 43 Demographics............................................................................................................................ 43 Flow Data ................................................................................................................................... 44 Weekday ................................................................................................................................ 45 Weekend ................................................................................................................................ 46 Tagged Bicycle Experiment ....................................................................................................... 47 Stakeholder Interviews: ............................................................................................................ 50 Cyclists ................................................................................................................................... 50 Shop Owners .......................................................................................................................... 50 Pedestrians ............................................................................................................................ 51 Pugh Matrix ............................................................................................................................... 52 Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusions ........................................................................... 54 Constraining Landmarks ............................................................................................................ 54 Informative Signs ....................................................................................................................... 55 Converting Car Parking .............................................................................................................. 56 Flex Parking ............................................................................................................................ 57 Additional Bicycle Parking Racks ........................................................................................... 57 Improved Bicycle Removal System ........................................................................................... 62 Campaigning .............................................................................................................................. 67 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 67 Works Cited ................................................................................................................................... 69 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 73 APPENDIX 1: Objective 1 Data Recording Tables ...................................................................... 73 Flow Data Tables .................................................................................................................... 73 3 Rack Data Tables .................................................................................................................... 74 APPENDIX 2: Objective 2 Data Recording Tables ...................................................................... 76 Pedestrian Counting Table .................................................................................................... 76 APPENDIX 3: Objective 1 Data Table Results ............................................................................ 77 Flow Data Results- Weekday ................................................................................................. 77 Flow Data- Weekends ............................................................................................................ 77 Demographics .......................................................................................................................