Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems - II NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of participants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series C: Environmental Security Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems - II edited by Svetlana Yu. Zaginaichenko Institute of Hydrogen and Solar Energy, Kiev, Ukraine Dmitry V. Schur Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS, Kiev, Ukraine Valeriy V. Skorokhod Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS, Kiev, Ukraine Ayfer Veziroglu International Association for Hydrogen Energy, University of Miami, Miami, USA and Beycan˙ Ibrahimog˘lu Gazi University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey Published in Cooperation with NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine June 24–30, 2010 ISBN 978-94-007-0901-0 (PB) ISBN 978-94-007-0898-3 (HB) ISBN 978-94-007-0899-0 (e-book) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0899-0 Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Preface The 2010 ARW “Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems” (CNCEHS’2010) was held in June 24–30, 2010 in the remarkable city of Yalta (Crimea, Ukraine) known for its heroic and unusual history. In the tradition of the earlier conferences, CNCEHS’2010 meeting served as a multidisciplinary confer- ence for the presentation and discussion of the most recent research on transition to hydrogen-based energy systems, technologies for hydrogen production, storage, utilization, carbon nanomaterials processing and chemical behavior, energy and environmental problems. The aim of CNCEHS’2010 was to provide the wide overview of the latest scientific results on basic research and technological applica- tions of hydrogen interactions with carbon materials. As well-known, energy shortage and environmental pollution is the major problem in the current word, energy-saving characteristics of hydrogen occupies an important position in the development of new energy, because the energy is a basic and necessary component in the development of the communities. The active delegates from different uni- versities, research/academic organizations and governmental agencies could meet, discuss and present the most recent advances in hydrogen concepts, processes and systems, to evaluate current progress and to exchange academic information, to identify research needs and future developments in this important area. This ARW should help further the progress of hydrogen-based sciences and promote the use of hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials as essential to make the Hydrogen Economy a reality. According to the resolution of the International Advisory and Organizing Committee, it has been established the awards “Oscars of Hydrogen Energy” for scientists who have made major contributions to the promotion of hydrogen energy worldwide. The world-famous scientist Prof. T. Nejat Veziroglu, who is the author of a great number of books and papers, the President of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE), the Founding Director of Clean Energy Research Institute of the University of Miami, USA, and the Founding Editor- in-Chief of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy was the first recipient of the Award “Oscar of Hydrogen Energy”. Beycan Ibrahimoglu, the Director of v vi Preface Dr. Dmitry V. Schur, chair of Organizing Committee of CNCENS’2010 and Prof. Beycan I˙brahimog˘lu, Director of Plasmochemical Center in Ankara, Turkey, presented the first award “Oscar of Hydrogen Energy” to Prof. T. Nejat Veziroglu, the President of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy Plasmochemical Center in Ankara, Turkey, was a producer of the “Oscar of Hydrogen Energy” and will be the provider of such awards in the future. Moreover according to the resolution of the International Advisory and Organizing Committee, a number of outstanding scientists who have considerable achievements in the field of carbon nanostructures and hydrogen energy have been rewarded with diplomas of NATO ARW “Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems”. Among them were such world-wide well-known scientists as Prof. Nikolay Kartel (Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine), Prof. Nikola Koprinarov (Central Laboratory for Solar Energy and New Energy of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria), Prof. Marcin Leonowicz (Warsaw University of Technology, Poland), Prof. Vladimir I. Shapovalov and Prof. Raouf O. Loutfy (Materials & Electrochem- ical Research Corporation, Tucson, USA), Prof. Sergey S. Ivanchev (St.-Petersburg branch of Institute of Catalysis named after G.K. Boreskov of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, St.-Petersburg, Russia), Dr. Yuriy M. Shulga (Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia), Zhanna Mileeva (The University of Salford, United Kingdom), Nariman F. Javadov (Experimental-Industrial Plant of Institute for Petroleum Chemical Processes (IPCP) of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Baku, Azerbaijan) and others. Preface vii Members of International Advisory & Organizing Committee Dr. Yuriy M. Shulga, Prof. Svetlana Yu. Zaginaichenko, Prof. T. Nejat Veziroglu and Dr. Dmitry V. Schur, presented the NATO ARW diploma to Prof. Sergey S. Ivanchev, director of St.-Petersburg branch of Institute of Catalysis named after G.K. Boreskov of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, Russia. viii Preface Thus, this event has attracted international researchers as well as younger scientists to strengthen connections among scientists in the area of hydrogenated carbon nanomaterials research. The CNCEHS’2010 is a solid example of how NATO is promoting cooperation among scientists from developed countries of Europe, America and NATO Partner countries. Since fossil fuel resources are limited and harmful to the environment, more attentions have been paid on renew- able energy recently. Therefore, conversion and utilization of renewable energy, such as hydrogen energy, became one of the most important topics of this confer- ence since 1993 (1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007). One goal in organizing this conference was to prepare a discussion ambient for the related people and scientists working on renewable energy especially on hydrogen energy. We are planning to repeat the conference after 2 years. We hope these ARW and the one that are being planned for future will help the development of the technology on renewable and hydrogen energy. The Proceedings of CNCEHS’2010 include some of the selected works pre- senting in the course of oral presentations, at the poster sessions, and during the round-table discussions at the conference in Yalta and representing the wide spectra of hydrogen energy and carbon nanomaterials related themes, but also latest progress in many key areas. Finally, the organization of this conference was successful thanks to the support by the Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division of NATO as the NATO Science for Peace and