Open Access Journal of Physics Volume 2, Issue 2, 2018, PP 24-29 Conversation about the Nature of Gravitational Forces and the Mechanism of Long-Range Interaction Stanislav Konstantinov Department of Physical Electronics, Russian State Pedagogical University, St.Petersburg, RSC”Energy”, Russia *Corresponding Author: Stanislav Konstantinov, Department of Physical Electronics, Russian State Pedagogical University, St.Petersburg, RSC”Energy”, Russia ABSTRACT Within the framework of this article, a modern models of the nature of gravitational forces and the mechanism of long-range interaction on the scale of the universe on the basis of a quantum space vacuum (dark matter). The effect of gravity is due to the dynamic effect of non-baryonic matter on baryonic astronomical bodies of large masses (planets and stars). In article a number of experimental facts will be presented that cannot be explained from the standpoint of Newton's law of gravity and the of general relativity of Einstein, but can be explained within the framework of the production of gravity in the model the non-baryonic matter (represented by the analogies of the superfluid ³He-B) which is 95% of the matter in the universe, where the baryon masses constitute the remaining 5%. Keywords: dark matter; quantum vacuum; oscillator; gravitational funnel. INTRODUCTION In his writings, Isaac Newton admitted that he who refuse to tie the gravitational field with the could not explain the cause of the gravitational geometry of space-time. The field concept of effect and the mechanism of the instantaneous gravity [2] makes it possible to describe action of gravitational forces between localized gravitational interactions of bodies similarly to and remotely bodies. Newton introduced even electric and magnetic interaction and does not the concept of "action-at-adistance", implying contradict other experimentally grounded direct pairing without intermediaries in an approaches in describing the phenomenon of empty universe. If the transfer of gravitational gravitation and inertia, in particular, to certain attraction occurred at a finite speed , as is models involving a quantum vacuum (dark customary in the field theory of short-range matter). In this case, gravitational fields should interaction, then due to the displacement of the have properties similar to, but not identical to, planets relative to the original direction of the properties of electromagnetic fields [3]. attraction, appear additional force component along the velocity vector would. The retarded THE NATURE OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCES gravity of the Sun would cease to be strictly IN MODELS QUANTUM VACUUM. central and the planetary system would very In modern models of the superfluid quantum quickly disintegrate due to the cyclic torque. vacuum, analogies between the properties of Taking into account the known age of the solar superfluid ³He-B and the cosmic medium (dark system, Laplace at the beginning of the XIX matter) have largely been expanded, due to the century showed that the speed of propagation of inclusion of the properties of vortices: spin and gravitational forces should exceed the speed of electric polarization of the medium in vortices, light at least 7 000000 times [1]. In our time, inertial properties of vortices, and superfluid this issue continues to worry the minds of spin currents between them [4]. A macroscopic scientists. Researchers of the nature of approach, the hydrodynamic behavior (job gravitational forces can be conditionally divided Stokes) of the added weight of spherical bodies into two groups - those who continue searching of any nature (including those of charged in the mainstream of the geometric approach clusters) in superfluid ³He-B (analogue of dark that is the basis of general relativity and those matter) is the primary source. It is a complex Open Access Journal of Physics V2● 12 ● 2018 24 Conversation about the Nature of Gravitational Forces and The Mechanism of Long-Range Interaction force F (ω), exerted by the fluid on the sphere of frequency ω. Within the low Reynolds numbers radius R, which performs oscillations with a we have: F(ω)= 6πηR [1+R/δ(ω)]V(ω) +3πR²√2ηρ/ω [1+2R/9δ(ω)] iωV(ω), (1) δ (ω) = (2η/ρω)½ where ρ - fluid density, η - the viscosity, V - volume, multiplied by its acceleration ( velocity amplitude sphere, δ (ω) - the so-called ), is equal to the resultant force acting on it. The viscous penetration depth, which increases with resulting force consists of gravity (ρ ) and an increase in viscosity and a decrease of the force arising from the difference in the value of oscillation frequency. pressure (p): The real part of the expression (1) is a known ρ (5) Stokes force derived from the movement of fluid in the sphere. Imaginary component From the equation of motion, after dividing each (coefficient of iωV) is naturally identified with term (5) by ρ dV, we obtain the Euler formula the effective mass of the cluster added: (3). The potential motion of the medium in a Мeff (ωR)=2πρR³/3 [1+9/2 δ(ω)/R] (2) homogeneous gravitational field will be Origin of the added (attached) mass Meff (ωR), obtained by multiplying all the terms of the depending on the frequency ω and the radius R Bernoulli’s equation (4) by the density: ² of the sphere of the cluster associated with the ρ ρ (6), excitation of the field around a moving cluster of hydrodynamic velocity υᵢ (r) and the J. Kepler formulated his laws of celestial appearance in connection with this additional mechanics as a result of a long-term analysis of kinetic energy. In superfluid additional mass has astronomical observations of Tycho Brahe in two components: superfluid and normal [5]. In 1609 - 1619. Using Kepler's laws can determine this case, the nature of gravitational funnel, the elliptical orbit of any planet of the solar described by the speculative curvature of space- system, or satellite and all its parameters, time of Einstein's general relativity, can be without attracting Newton's law of universal replaced by a gravitational funnel created in a gravitation, and such dynamic concepts like space environment (dark matter) around rotating mass, energy, force, angular momentum, and the heavenly body of astronomical dimensions. The like. Metaphysics Kepler has been further change in the gravitational potential occurs developed in the works of I. Newton and A. instantaneously in all regions of the Einstein. Half a century after Kepler, Newton gravitational funnel space in accordance with introduced forces into the spatial model of the the pressure gradient described by Euler's- universe. The space of the universe produces Bernoulli's equation for superfluid continuous gravity and inertia forces acting following media [6]: quadratic laws of interaction between bodies (laws by Coulomb and Cavendish). (3) ρ Therefore Newton's law mathematically This equation was established by L.Euler, 1755. confirms long-term observations of the planets For a stationary flow without vortices, of the solar system. With his help count the expression (3) is simplified, since in such a flow positions of the planets for many years to come, rotV at each point is equal to zero. It follows but no one calculates the position of the Sun that for all flow points the motion of an relative to the planets, since Sun is always in the incompressible fluid will be a potential [6]: center of the heliocentric coordinates. The world ² for this law is the planets of the solar system. (4) ρ For other objects of the solar system the applicability of this law is not a fact. If we try to where U is the gravity potential. (z is calculate the force of attraction not between the the height). Sun and the Earth, but between the Earth and Equation (4) is the Bernoulli’s equation, 1738. the Sun, it becomes incomprehensible how the Thus, we apply Newton's second law to describe Earth, whose mass is negligible in relation to the the motion in a gravitational field of particles of Sun, can attract the Sun to itself. The Earth in a medium in a small volume element dV whose orbit is held by the gravitational force of the Sun density is (ρ). The mass (m=ρdV) of the and centrifugal force, but there is no centrifugal 25 Journal of Architecture and Construction V2 ● I2 ● 2018 Conversation about the Nature of Gravitational Forces and The Mechanism of Long-Range Interaction force the Sun with respect to the Earth. form the basis for creating new technologies for Therefore, if the Earth begins to attract the Sun overcoming the force of gravity (levitation). to itself, then it will the Sun from collision with Next, a number of experimental facts will be the Earth. From the above, we can conclude that presented that cannot be explained from the the size of the gravitational funnel created standpoint of Newton's law of gravity and the around the Earth by vortices of an excited theory of gravity of general relativity of quantum medium (dark matter) does not reach Einstein, but can be explained within the the Sun, and the Earth falls into the region of the framework of the production of gravity in the gravitational funnel of the Sun. Indeed, it is model of the quantum medium (dark matter) in experimentally established that the radius of the which baryonic matter only 5% of the gravitational funnel of the Earth is approximately unexplored (dark) matter of the Universe. equal to 900,000 km, and the distance from the EXPERIMENTS Earth to the Sun is 150,000,000 km. This explains why the probes could not use force Experimental Dependence of Gravity Of gravity when landing on comets and asteroids. Bodies and Violation of The PE on the Speed For these bodies too weakly excite the space of Rotation of the Rotors and the Oscillation environment in order to create your own Frequency of Mechanical Oscillators in the gravitational funnel.