ISI visual language/comms: report 44 The Plan S footprint: ISI Report Implications for the ISI Report Global Reserach Report – Global Reserach Report – Profiles notscholarly metrics publishing Profiles not metrics Pudipsus commolumlandscape ihitor boribus as sum Pudipsus commolum ihitor boribus as sum tem dolupta temporepe latur mini volo. tem dolupta temporepe latur mini volo. Nandita Quaderi, James Hardcastle, Christos Petrou and Martin Szomszor March 2019 Contents 4 15 Summary How does Plan S affect publishers? 5 Papers funded 18 by Plan S organisations What could change under Plan S? 8 How does Plan S affect 21 research areas? Responsibility for costs 11 22 How frequently are Tasks for a system Plan S papers cited? in transition 12 24 How does Plan S affect Annex – Data Sources countries and regions? 2 Dr Nandita Quaderi is Editor-in-Chief of James Hardcastle is a Senior Business Web of Science at the Institute for Scientific Analyst at Web of Science Group. Prior to Information, responsible for the editorial this he was Head of Business Development selection of content indexed in the Web for wisdom.ai, and the Senior Manager for of Science. Prior to joining the Web of Product Analytics at Taylor & Francis. Science Group, Dr Quaderi was Publishing Christos Petrou is Head of Strategic Director of Open Research at Springer Analytics at the Web of Science Group. Nature where she had responsibility for the Previously, he was Director of Strategic portfolio of open access Nature Research Analytics at the Open Research Group journals. Before joining the STM publishing of Springer Nature. He has worked as a sector she was a EU-funded Marie Curie management consultant at A.T. Kearney, post-doctoral fellow at the Telethon and he holds an MBA from INSEAD. Institute of Genetics and Medicine in Milan and a Wellcome Trust-funded Dr Martin Szomszor is Head of Research Principal Investigator at the MRC Centre Analytics at the Institute for Scientific for Developmental Neurobiology at King’s Information. He was Head of Data Science, College London. She has a BA in Chemistry and founder of the Global Research from the University of Oxford and a PhD in Identifier Database, at Digital Science. He Molecular Genetics from Imperial College. was named a 2015 top-50 UK Information Age data leader for his work with the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) to create the REF2015 Impact Case Studies Database. About the Global Research Report About Web of Science series from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science is the world’s most trusted and largest publisher-neutral Global Research Reports from ISI is a citation index, powering global discovery new publication series to discuss and and citation analytics across the sciences, demonstrate the application of data about social sciences and art & humanities. With the research process to management more than 1.4 billion cited references issues in research assessment, research going back to 1900 and millions of users policy and the development of the global per day — from leading government research base. ISI is the ‘university’ of and academic institutions and research- the Web of Science Group at Clarivate intensive corporations — Web of Science Analytics: it maintains the knowledge citation network serves as the foundation corpus upon which Web of Science for the Journal Impact Factor, InCites and related information and analytical and other powerful and trusted citation content, products and services are built; impact measures. Web of Science it disseminates that knowledge internally helps researchers, research institutions, through reports and recommendations publishers and funders discover and and externally through events, conferences assess the citation impact of over a and papers; and it carries out research century of research papers found in the to sustain, extend and improve the most prestigious journals, books, and knowledge base. conference proceedings. 3 Summary international collaborative papers are supported by Plan S funders and therefore This report provides background involve non-Plan S researchers. The USA is (in analysis for debate about a research absolute terms) the second largest producer system in transition. Plan S, launched by of papers that acknowledge Plan S funding Science Europe on 4 September 2018, is and a high proportion of some institutions’ intended to increase Open Access (OA) output is Plan S supported. But the USA to research data and reports produced government has yet to endorse the plan. through publicly-funded academic research. OA is expected to enable and Publishers accelerate discovery and innovation. Plan S requires research funded by Across the landscape of publisher data, signatory organisations to be published it is possible to typecast and populate a in open repositories or in journals where number of scenarios among the 200 larger all papers are publicly accessible. This houses (which collectively publish 95% of report looks at recent patterns of papers papers acknowledging a Plan S funder). funded by Plan S supporters using There are those: not heavily affected; perspectives related to funders, subjects, affected a little; a few (including some countries, publishers, and journals. It big houses) affected significantly; and OA- focuses on analysis and variances rather adopters who are well-positioned. Smaller than scenarios. houses, including some learned societies, are diverse and less readily categorised. Funders Journals Some research funders have already endorsed the Plan S proposals to widen Plan S funded outputs make up less than OA. The research they support led to 7% of global papers but they are well cited, circa 6.4% of 2017 papers indexed in the published in high impact journals and, often, Web of Science; the EU funded about half in journals from major publishing houses. of this. Although OA compliance is already They will influence the publishing landscape. substantial, the proportion varies by funder. Some 90,000 Plan S papers published as part of Hybrid or Subscription journals will Research areas need to be ‘rehoused’ if the journals do not change to fully OA. There are few Hybrid Existing mandates in research areas well- journals with a medium to high percentage funded by Plan S organisations have led of OA that might readily change. This implies to relatively high OA compliance. Other challenging business decisions. research areas, such as Social Sciences, receive relatively less Plan S funding and Some leading multidisciplinary journals have lower compliance. Research areas contain as much as one-third Plan S significantly challenged by Plan S are content but are not Plan S compliant. those which currently demonstrate low Learned society journals have a central OA compliance plus relatively more Plan communication role in their research field S funded papers, such as Mathematics. but are not always OA. The relocation of Journals that are currently Plan S compliant content to OA titles would represent a are not evenly distributed, either across or 29% overall movement in the volume of within research areas. well-cited papers to existing compliant venues, could be disruptive in some Citation frequency subjects, and suitable compliant venues are not always available. On 2017 citation counts, Plan S funded papers are cited more frequently on Resources average than other papers, and this is true in all research areas. The cost of publishing will shift, ex post, from the reader or their library, typically via a subscription charge, to an ex ante Countries obligation on the author or their institutional Under Plan S, some European countries proxy to pay via an APC. This would require would publish more than 40% of their a redirection of around €150 million. output as OA. This could reach 50% Meeting these costs will fall on research where the national funder is also a Plan funders. It is not evident whether marginal S supporter. About 19% of European resources are available to support all 4 affected authors. Plan S 6% Not Plan S 94% The share of papers indexed in Web of Science that contain an acknowledgment to one or more research funding agencies signed up to Plan S at December 2018. Plan S funders account for about 6% of papers indexed on the Web of Science. They are concentrated in around 10,000 of the 20,000 journals indexed. Papers funded by on OA in the Sciences and Humanities (October 2003). OA has spread rapidly and Plan S organisations now constitutes about one-fifth of research Open Access (OA) is expected to enable output indexed in Web of Science. Plan S and accelerate research and discovery. is a proposal to increase the spread of OA Some research funders have already papers produced through publicly-funded endorsed an EU proposal (Plan S) to academic research. It was launched by widen OA. The research they support Science Europe on 4 September 2018 and led to circa 6.4% of 2017 papers indexed is an initiative of "cOAlition S": a consortium in Web of Science; the EU funded about of the European Research Council and half of this. Although OA compliance national research agencies and funders, is already substantial, the proportion initially in Europe and then more widely. varies by funder. Plan S requires researchers who benefit from state-funded projects and institutions "Open access" (OA) to research literature, to publish in open repositories or in journals as an enabling and accelerating factor for where all papers are publicly accessible. better outcomes, is a long-held ambition Papers are usually made accessible by formalised in the early 2000s through Article Processing Charges (APCs) to the the Budapest OA Initiative (2002), the author, whereas conventional access is by Bethesda Statement on OA Publishing subscription charges to the reader, or to (June 2003) and the Berlin Declaration their institution’s library. 5 Paper, in this report, is used to include charge (APCs) levied by the journal.