Historiosil Revie^Ar The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: This detail, taken from a hand-colored copy of a 7" x 10%" engraving in the State Historical Society's Fine Arts Collection, is entitled "View of the City of St. Louis, 1854." The origi­ nal engraving was reproduced in Glea- son's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion on April 15, 1854. Frederick Gleason was the publisher and Maturin M. Ballou was the editor of the weekly publication. The first issue had appeared on May 3, 1851. In 1855 the publication, one of America's earliest illustrated newspapers, changed its name to Ballou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion. The last is­ sue appeared on December 24, 1859. This St. Louis engraving, drawn by an artist named Wade and engraved by a man named Pierson, accompanied an article describing St. Louis. An article by Glen E. Holt entitled "St. Louis's Transition Decade, 1819-1830" appears in this issue of the Missouri His­ torical Review. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR Copyright © 1982 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO. 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXVI Current REVIEWS are sent to all members of The State NUMBER 4 Historical Society of Missouri during their term of member­ ship. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. JULY, 1982 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1980-1983 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia, President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President REVEREND JOHN F. BANNON, St. Louis, Second Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Third Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Fourth Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fifth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City ELMER ELLIS, Columbia LEO J. ROZIER, Perry ville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1982 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville J. J. GRAF, Hermann RICHARD J. CHAMIER, Moberly JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City MRS. MARY BANKS PARRY, Columbia ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis ARVARH H. STRICKLAND, Columbia Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1983 CHARLES BLANTON III, Sikeston VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville MRS. JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall R. I. COLBORN, Paris W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville *W. W. DALTON, St. Louis DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1984 FRANCIS M. BARNES III, St. Louis W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perry ville •Deceased ii A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR At the annual meeting of the Society on October 17, 1981, the members voted unanimously to increase the mem­ bership fees. This measure was taken to allow the Society to become more self-sufficient during these economically difficult times. Annual membership fees have been in­ creased to $5.00, and lifetime membership fees to $100.00. In an effort to reduce the Society's expenses, the Missouri Historical Review no longer will be forwarded because of an incorrect address. To remail one copy of the Review returned by the post office because of an in­ correct address costs the Society $2.53. If you move, a change of address should be sent promptly to: The State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Co­ lumbia, Missouri 65201. Sincerely, Richard S. Brownlee iii EDITORIAL POLICY The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is always inter­ ested in articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Articles pertaining to surrounding states and other sections are considered for publication when they involve events or personalities having a significant bearing on the history of Missouri or the West. Any aspect of Mis­ souri history is considered suitable for publication in the REVIEW. Genealogical studies are not accepted because of limited general reader interest. In submitting articles for the REVIEW, the authors should examine back issues for the proper form in foot­ noting. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used in research, interpretation and the style in which it is written, are criteria for acceptance for publica­ tion. The original and a carbon copy of the article should be submitted. It is suggested that the author retain a car­ bon of the article. The copy should be double-spaced and footnotes typed consecutively on separate pages at the end of the article. The maximum length for an article is 7,500 words. All articles accepted for publication in the REVIEW become the property of the State Historical Society and may not be published elsewhere without permission. Only in special circumstances will an article previously pub­ lished in another magazine or journal, be accepted for the REVIEW. Because of the backlog of accepted articles, publica­ tion may be delayed for a period of time. Articles submitted for the REVIEW should be ad­ dressed to: Dr. Richard S. Brownlee, Editor MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 iv SOCIETY TO PRESENT AWARDS At the Annual Meeting in October the Society will confer three awards. An engraved citation and a me­ dallion will be awarded to a member who has given distinguished service to the Society and to the State of Missouri in the promotion and dissemination of knowl­ edge concerning the history of our region. A second engraved citation and a one-hundred-dollar cash award will be given for the REVIEW article during the calendar year which has contributed most in depth in a scholarly and popular sense to the history of our State. The two-hundred-fifty-dollar Floyd C. Shoe­ maker History Award will be presented to a junior class student in a Missouri college or university who has written the best historical article that relates to Missouri events or personalities. The distinguished member will be selected by a three-member committee appointed by the Society president. One member of the selection committee will serve for two years and two members for one year. No active officers or trustees of the Society, with the ex­ ception of past presidents, may be nominated for the Distinguished Service Award. Nominations should be made in writing to Richard S. Brownlee, director of the Society, any time during the calendar year. The prize-winning article will be selected by three his­ torians appointed by the editor of the REVIEW. The selection committee will be changed each year with the exception of one member who will be replaced after two years. Articles submitted for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award will be judged by the De­ partment of History of the University of Missouri- Columbia. CONTENTS ST. LOUIS'S TRANSITION DECADE, 1819-1830. By Glen E. Holt 365 PUBLIC ADVOCACY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MISSOURI STATE HIGHWAY PATROL. By V. Lonnie Lawson 382 COURTING THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY: AN EPISODE OF TOWN RIVALRY. By H. Roger Grant 405 CHARLES KLEINSORGE: MISSOURI TO CALIFORNIA, 1854. Edited and translated by Edward Bode 421 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS News in Brief 447 Local Historical Societies 450 Gifts 460 Missouri History in Newspapers 466 Missouri History in Magazines 469 In Memoriam 476 BOOK REVIEW 479 BOOK NOTES 482 INDEX TO VOLUME LXXVI 485 IMMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH, LOCKWOOD Inside Back Cover vi An Early Lithograph of St. Louis St. Louis's Transition Decade, 1819-1830 BY GLEN E. HOLT* In 1959, Richard C. Wade published his influential mono­ graph, The Urban Frontier. The volume quickly became a stand­ ard work in American urban history and an important corrective to the broader frontier thesis dominating much of American his­ torical writing. In Chapter VI of this book, Wade examined how the Panic of 1819 affected Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Lexington, Louis­ ville and St. Louis. After examining the evidence from all five cities, Wade concluded that "though many people felt the lash of bad times, the depression [following the panic] was generally less severe in St. Louis than in most Western cities." Wade sug­ gested that three factors lightened the impact of the panic on the Mound City: continuing prosperity of the lead industry, the growth of the Indian trade and the influence of the steamboat.1 Aided by these influences, recovery came quickly to St.