Thaltej Village: An Incremental Approach to Urban Encroachment Thaltej Village: An Incremental Approach to Urban Encroachment Emily Brown Allison Buchwach Ryan Hagerty Mary Richardson Laura Schultz Bin Yan Under the advisement of Professor Michael Dobbins Georgia Institute of Technology April 27, 2012 Acknowlegements This report was produced with help from faculty and students at CEPT University in Ahmdebad, as well as many other generous folks both here and abroad that have helped us immeasurably with their advice, insight and feedback along the way. To all, we extend our heartfelt gratitude. Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2 INDIAN NATIONAL CONTEXT ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 INDIA’S URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SLUMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................ 3 2.2 IMPACT OF URBANIZATION: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION .................................................................................... 5 2.3 POLICY RESPONSES ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.4 POLICY RESPONSES ............................................................................................................................................ 8 2.4.1 Slum Clearance (1956) ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.4.2 Slum Improvement (1971) ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.3 Slum Upgrading Program (SUP) (1985) ................................................................................................... 9 2.4.4 Slum Redevelopment Scheme (SRD) (1991) ............................................................................................. 9 2.4.5 Slum Rehabilitation Scheme (SRS) (1995) ................................................................................................ 9 3 GUJARAT & AHMEDABAD CONTEXT ............................................................................................................ 11 3.1 GUJARAT ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 AHMEDABAD: PROFILE OF THE CITY .................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS AHMEDABAD: SLUMS AND .............................................................................................. 16 3.4 URBAN GOVERNANCE ...................................................................................................................................... 17 4 THALTEJ SITE ANALYSIS AND OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................... 21 4.1 PHYSICAL CONTEXT OF THALTEJ ......................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 SOCIAL CONTEXT OF THALTEJ ............................................................................................................................ 24 4.3 GOVERNANCE IN THE REDEVELOPMENT OF THALTEJ ............................................................................................... 26 5 ISSUES ......................................................................................................................................................... 29 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES .................................................................................................................................. 29 5.2 SOCIAL ISSUES ................................................................................................................................................ 29 5.3 ECONOMIC ISSUES ........................................................................................................................................... 29 6 CASE STUDIES .............................................................................................................................................. 31 6.1 GUARAPIRANGA PROGRAM: SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL .................................................................................................. 31 6.2 BAAN MANKONG (SECURE HOUSING) PROGRAM, THAILAND .................................................................................. 33 6.3 KLONG TUEY, BANGKOK, THAILAND .................................................................................................................... 34 6.4 PARAISÓPOLIS, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL .................................................................................................................... 35 6.5 HANNA NASSIF COMMUNITY MANAGED SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT, DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA ....................... 36 6.6 MUMBAI SLUM SANITATION PROGRAM, MUMBAI, INDIA ....................................................................................... 37 6.7 PRIVATIZATION OF THE LAKES, BANGALORE, INDIA ................................................................................................ 38 6.8 LAKE BARINGO COMMUNITY-BASED LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT, LAKE BARINGO, KENYA ....................... 39 6.9 EMPLOYMENT CREATION THROUGH PARTICIPATORY PLANNING, KITALE, KENYA ......................................................... 39 6.10 MICROENTERPRISES, NAIROBI, KENYA ................................................................................................................. 40 6.11 URBAN AGRICULTURE, FORTALEZA, BRAZIL .......................................................................................................... 41 7 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ............................................................................................................................... 42 7.1 ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION TOOLS ................................................................................................. 42 7.2 PRELIMINARY CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................................ 44 7.2.1 Level of Interest ...................................................................................................................................... 44 7.3 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................ 45 Contents 7.4 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ............................................................................................................................. 46 7.5 STEPS IN THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROGRAM .................................................................................................... 46 7.6 REVIEW PROCESS ............................................................................................................................................ 49 8 SCENARIO ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................................................ 51 8.1 SCENARIO 1: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ..................................................................................................... 51 8.2 SCENARIO 2: COMMUNITY INITIATIVES ................................................................................................................ 54 8.3 SCENARIO 3 COMMUNITY CENTERED REDEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 59 Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................... 70 8.4 SCENARIO 4: REDEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................................... 70 8.4.1 Building Blocks ....................................................................................................................................... 71 9 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ............................................................................................................................ 77 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.2.1: The pols on the east of the Sabarmati ................................................................................... 13 Figure 3.2.2: Informal Market ..................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 3.2.3: Ahmedabad Transportation ................................................................................................... 15 Figure 3.2.4. Lake Development Plan, Ahmedabad City Development Plan .............................................. 15 Figure 3.4.1: Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission ............................................................................ 18 Figure 3.4.2: TP Scheme 38 ......................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 3.4.3: Metro Rail Feasibility Study ................................................................................................... 20 Figure 4.1.1: Thaltej Village Location Map .................................................................................................