Sindh Solar Energy Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework Public Disclosure Authorized February 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized ESMF for Sindh Solar Energy Project Contents List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................ 1-1 Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................... 1-4 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 1-7 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1-14 1.1. Project Overview ........................................................................................... 1-14 1.2. Legal and Policy Frameworks relevant to Environmental and Social Aspects . 1- 15 1.3. Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)....................... 1-15 1.4. ESMF Methodology....................................................................................... 1-16 1.4.1. Review of the Project Details ........................................................... 1-16 1.4.2. Review of Relevant Legislation, Policies, and Guidelines .............. 1-17 1.4.3. Review of Secondary Literature ....................................................... 1-17 1.4.4. Scoping ............................................................................................. 1-17 1.4.5. Stakeholder Consultations ................................................................ 1-18 1.4.6. Collection of Baseline Data .............................................................. 1-18 1.4.7. Impact Assessment ........................................................................... 1-18 1.4.8. ESMF Compilation ........................................................................... 1-18 1.5. ESMF Structure ............................................................................................. 1-19 2. Project Description.................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1. Background ...................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2. Project Objective .............................................................................................. 2-2 2.3. Project Components ......................................................................................... 2-2 2.3.1. Component 1: Utility-Scale Solar ...................................................... 2-2 2.3.2. Component 2: Distributed Solar ......................................................... 2-2 2.3.3. Component 3: Solar Home Systems ................................................... 2-2 2.3.4. Component 4: Capacity Building and Technical Assistance ............. 2-3 2.4. Project Implementation Arrangements ............................................................ 2-3 3. Regulatory and Policy Review ............................................................................... 3-1 3.1. Institutional Frameworks ................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1. Ministry of Climate Change ............................................................... 3-1 3.1.2. Pakistan Environmental Protection Council ....................................... 3-1 3.1.3. Sindh Environmental Protection Council (SEPC) .............................. 3-2 3.1.4. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency ....................................... 3-2 3.1.5. Sindh Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) ................................ 3-3 Government of Sindh – February 2018 ii ESMF for Sindh Solar Energy Project 3.1.6. Sindh Wildlife Department ................................................................ 3-3 3.2. Environmental Policies, Legislations, and Guidelines .................................... 3-3 3.2.1. National Conservation Strategy (1992) .............................................. 3-3 3.2.2. The National Environmental Policy (2005) ....................................... 3-4 3.2.3. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997.................................... 3-4 3.2.4. Sindh Environmental Protection Act (2014) ...................................... 3-4 3.2.5. Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas (1997) ............................ 3-5 3.2.6. The Solid Waste Management Policy (2000) ..................................... 3-5 3.2.7. Sindh Strategy for Sustainable Development (2007) ......................... 3-6 3.2.8. Factories Act (1934) ........................................................................... 3-6 3.2.9. Antiquity Act (1975) .......................................................................... 3-6 3.2.10. Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994 ............................. 3-7 3.2.11. National Environmental Quality Standards ........................................ 3-7 3.2.12. Provincial Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2014 ......................... 3-8 3.2.13. Highway Safety Ordinance (2000) ..................................................... 3-8 3.2.14. Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894 .................................................... 3-8 3.2.15. Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance (2001) ...................................... 3-9 3.2.16. Sindh Forest Act, 2012 ..................................................................... 3-10 3.2.17. Labor Laws ....................................................................................... 3-10 3.3. World Bank Safeguards Policies and Guidelines .......................................... 3-12 3.3.1. Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) .............................................. 3-12 3.3.2. Natural Habitat (OP 4.04)................................................................. 3-12 3.3.3. Pest Management (OP 4.09) ............................................................. 3-12 3.3.4. Indigenous Peoples (OP 4.10) .......................................................... 3-12 3.3.5. Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11) ............................................ 3-13 3.3.6. Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) ................................................. 3-14 3.3.7. Forests (OP 4.36) .............................................................................. 3-14 3.3.8. Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) ................................................................ 3-14 3.3.9. Projects on International Waterways (OP 7.50) ............................... 3-14 3.3.10. Projects in Disputed Areas ............................................................... 3-15 3.3.11. WB Policy on Access to Information ............................................... 3-15 3.3.12. WB Environment, Health, and Safety Guidelines ............................ 3-15 3.3.13. WB Guidance Note on Managing the Risks of Adverse Impacts on Communities from Temporary Project Induced Labor Influx ......... 3-15 3.3.14. Applicability of WB Policies and Guidelines .................................. 3-16 3.4. Multilateral Environmental Agreements ........................................................ 3-17 4. Overview of Baseline Conditions ........................................................................... 4-1 Government of Sindh – February 2018 iii ESMF for Sindh Solar Energy Project 4.1. Physical Environment ...................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1. Geography .......................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2. Geology .............................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.3. Seismicity ........................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.4. Soil Morphology ................................................................................. 4-6 4.1.5. Climate and Rainfall ........................................................................... 4-6 4.1.6. Temperature ........................................................................................ 4-6 4.1.7. Humidity ............................................................................................. 4-6 4.1.8. Surface Hydrology ........................................................................... 4-14 4.1.9. Characteristics of Indus River .......................................................... 4-15 4.1.10. Characteristics of Streams in Kohistan ............................................ 4-16 4.1.11. Lakes and Wetlands .......................................................................... 4-16 4.1.12. Groundwater ..................................................................................... 4-18 4.1.13. Air Quality and Noise ....................................................................... 4-18 4.2. Biological Environment ................................................................................. 4-18 4.2.1. Fauna ................................................................................................ 4-19 4.2.2. Flora .................................................................................................. 4-19 4.2.3. Wildlife Protected Areas .................................................................. 4-20 4.3. Social and Socioeconomic Conditions........................................................... 4-20 4.3.1. Demographic Profile .......................................................................