European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE: ATLANTIC HERRING ATLANTIC HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS) BIOLOGY AND HABITAT • Species description (Read more) The Atlantic herring belongs to the family of Clupeidae. • Geographical distribution and habitat (Read more) The Atlantic herring lives in the North-East Atlantic (from Norwegian waters in the North to the Bay of Biscay in the South) and in the North-West Atlantic (from Greenland to South Carolina in the USA). RESOURCE, EXPLOITATION AND MANAGEMENT • Stocks and resource status/conservation measures (Read more) Minimum conservation sizes are: 18 cm of total length in Skagerrak and Kattegat and 20 cm in other fishing areas. • Production methods and fishing gears (Read more) The main fishing gears used are gillnets and similar nets, pots and traps, seines and trawls. Source : Information system on commercial designations European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE Atlantic herring CATCHES • The share of Atlantic herring in the global catches is 1,8% (FAO, 2018). • During the last decade (2009-2018), Atlantic herring catches have decreased by -28% at global level (related to the decrease of catches in Iceland by -63% over the same period) but have significantly increased at EU level (+64%). Evolution of world catches Others Norway EU-28 Catches (2018, 1.000 tonnes) 909 43 EU-28 3 771 90 Norway 579 512 453 94 646 593 497 448 430 99 Iceland 498 124 1 077 352 527 870 Canada 924 611 507 407 313 633 1.000 1.000 tonnes Faroe Islands 840 870 498 661 716 726 769 777 Russian 531 509 507 Federation USA 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: FAO Evolution of EU catches • In 2018, the EU provided 48% of the global Atlantic herring catches (vs. 21% in 2009). The species is caught by several EU Member States, mainly by Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Germany United Kingdom Netherlands Sweden Finland Others Denmark 69 67 67 92 63 104 53 72 94 84 51 98 103 115 94 90 93 91 85 37 88 117 124 37 37 85 97 103 67 67 62 81 67 77 57 56 45 137 127 1.000 1.000 tonnes 135 76 61 131 132 71 118 122 98 91 93 163 153 163 125 122 142 152 111 108 118 125 141 136 135 161 149 168 92 77 86 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: FAO European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE Atlantic herring AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION • No aquaculture production of Atlantic herring has been developed, as it would not be competitive (low sale prices). PROCESSING • A significant processing activity for the Atlantic herring exists in the EU. • 2 PRODCOM codes refer to herring: - 10 20 24 55: smoked herrings, - 10 20 25 20: preserved or prepared herrings. EU production of smoked herrings • Smoked herring 14.389 The EU production of smoked herring 13.604 13.502 was estimated to 6.215 tonnes in 2019. ) EU production of smoked herring 8.910 dropped substantially since 2012, in 8.054 6.870 6.701 some countries by more than 80% 6.215 (France and Finland). UK and France are the major producers (47% of the EU Volume (tonnes Volume production in 2019). 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 EU production of prepared and preserved herring • Prepared/preserved herring 255.739 255.339 The EU production of 251.146 251.697 242.714 236.945 prepared/preserved herring was 231.200 estimated to 209.520 tonnes. The EU ) production of prepared/preserved 209.521 herring decreased by 12% since 2012. Poland and Germany are the major EU producers (107.139 and 55.444 tonnes in 2019, respectively). Together, they (tonnes Volume provided 78% of EU production in 2019. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: EUROSTAT/PRODCOM European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE Atlantic herring TRADE • Combined nomenclature EU trade of herring products (tonnes – 2019) CN code Product EU imports EU exports 03 02 41 00 Herrings, fresh 29.810 10.826 03 03 51 00 Herrings, frozen 45.879 203.204 03 04 59 50 Flaps of herrings, fresh 120 4 03 04 86 00 Fillets of herrings, frozen 49.793 169 03 04 99 23 Meat of herrings, frozen 39.208 4.709 03 05 42 00 Herrings, smoked 304 110 03 05 54 30 Dried herrings, even salted but not smoked 0 11 03 05 61 00 Herrings, salted or in brine 164 1.874 16 04 12 10 Fillets of herrings, coated, frozen 0 141 Herrings, prepared or preserved, in airtight 16 04 12 91 1.607 5.271 containers 16 04 12 99 Herrings, prepared or preserved, other 26.062 2.203 • Main extra-EU suppliers are: - for fresh products: Norway (29.809 tonnes), - for frozen whole herrings: Norway (25.419 tonnes), Russia (13.890 tonnes) and Faroe Islands (6.116 tonnes), - for frozen fillets: Norway (41.983 tonnes) and Iceland (7.728 tonnes), - for frozen meat of herrings: Norway (31.508 tonnes) and Iceland (6.467 tonnes), - for prepared/preserved herrings: Norway (25.694 tonnes). • Main extra-EU destinations are: - for fresh whole herrings: Norway (6.208 tonnes) and Faroe Islands (4.417 tonnes), - for frozen whole herrings: Nigeria (71.089 tonnes), Egypt (53.351 tonnes) and Ukraine (39.984 tonnes), - for prepared/preserved herrings: USA (2.557 tonnes) and Norway (1.728 tonnes). Source: EUROSTAT-COMEXT European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE Atlantic herring Supply balance EU supply balance (20181) – Tonnes of live weight equivalent2 – Herring: Production data concern the Atlantic herring while trade data include other species of herring. Production Import 869.578 tonnes 294.724 tonnes Supply Export 1.164.302 tonnes 283.891 tonnes Apparent consumption 880 411 tonnes Source: FAO/ EUROSTAT-COMEXT 1 Supply balance is provided for the year 2018 (trade data for 2018 were taken into account). Detailed trade data provided in the slide 4 concern the year 2019. 2 The conversion factors were used to convert net weight of imports and exports of fishery and aquaculture products into live weight equivalents. European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE Atlantic herring PRICES ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAIN (EUR/kg) First-sale (fresh whole) First-sale prices are provided for the main EU producers (Denmark and Sweden). 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Denmark 0,44 0,71 0,74 0,55 0,47 0,58 0,72 0,51 0,48 0,57 EUMOFA Sweden n.a. 0,44 0,49 0,47 0,42 0,38 0,43 0,41 0,38 0,29 EUMOFA Wholesale (fresh) Wholesale prices are reported for Mercamadrid, major wholesale market in the EU. Most frequent price 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Spain (Madrid) 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 Mercamadrid Retail/consumption (fresh whole) Retail prices refer to Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, the major consumer countries of herring in the EU. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Germany n.a. n.a. n.a. 10,08 10,86 10,34 10,93 10,45 EUMOFA Netherlands 15 14,98 14,85 14,94 14,84 13,77 13,72 14,46 EUMOFA Sweden 6,55 6,54 6,62 6,15 6,23 6,58 6,18 6,63 EUMOFA Import EU imports from third countries concern mainly frozen herring (whole and in fillets). The Netherlands is by far the main herring importer from third countries in the EU. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Netherlands 0,92 0,98 1,42 1,19 1,11 1,22 1,04 1,03 0,86 0,93 EUMOFA (frozen whole) Netherlands 1,29 1,94 2,18 1,71 1,87 1,96 2,01 1,85 1,46 1,43 EUMOFA (frozen fillets) Export EU exports to third countries concern mainly frozen herrings (frozen, in fillets and in meat). Main exporters are Sweden, Poland and Denmark. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Sweden (frozen 2,62 4,44 5,91 2,45 7,04 5,21 3,47 6,39 4,12 4,91 EUMOFA fillets) Poland (frozen whole) 0,46 0,49 0,72 0,72 0,62 0,81 0,88 0,92 0,74 0,81 EUMOFA Denmark (frozen 1,35 10,45 2,06 2,95 1,66 1,76 1,97 1,54 1,76 3,65 EUMOFA fillets) European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE Atlantic herring MARKETING ASPECTS • Commercial designations in all EU languages (Read more) • Common marketing standard (Read more) CONSUMPTION • 7th most consumed species in the EU after tuna, cod, salmon, Alaska pollock, shrimps and mussel. • Apparent consumption per capita in 2018: 1,18 kg live weight equivalent (source: The EU Fish Market – 2020 edition, EUMOFA) • Nutritional value (Atlantic herring, North East Atlantic, fresh fillet, values per 100 g – source : NUTRAQUA/AQUIMER).