ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT GROUP B – LARNACA AREA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. CONTRACT FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES.....................................................................................1 1.2. PURPOSE OF STUDY ....................................................................................................... 2 2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR EIA............................................................................................ 3 2.1. ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANISATION IN CYPRUS...............................................................................3 2.1.1. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL............................................................................................3 2.1.2. LOCAL LEVEL......................................................................................................................4 2.1.3. NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS ................................................................................4 2.2. CYPRUS NATIONAL LAW 57(I)/2001 ON EIA ................................................................................5 2.2.1. OBLIGATION FOR EIA STUDY................................................................................................5 2.2.2. CYPRUS NATIONAL LAW 57(I)/2002 ON EIA.........................................................................5 2.3. OTHER NATIONAL LAWS .............................................................................................................6 2.4. EU ENVIRONMENTAL DIRECTIVES................................................................................................6 2.4.1. EU DIRECTIVE 97/11/EC ON EIA..........................................................................................6 2.4.2. OTHER EU DIRECTIVES........................................................................................................7 2.5. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS ......................................................................8 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................. 9 3.1. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION.............................................................................................................9 3.2. PROJECT LOCATION ...................................................................................................................9 3.3. PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS.....................................................................................................10 3.3.1. SERVICED AREA ................................................................................................................10 3.3.2. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT .............................................................................................10 3.3.3. EMERGENCY STORAGE ......................................................................................................18 3.3.4. LONG TERM STORAGE .......................................................................................................18 3.3.5. SEWERS AND PUMPING STATIONS......................................................................................19 SOGREAH CYPRUS – A.F.MODINOS &S.A.VRAHIMIS JANUARY - 2004 PAGE I ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT GROUP B – LARNACA AREA 3.4. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ....................................................................................................20 3.5. PROJECT COST.........................................................................................................................20 4. LARNACA AREA: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ............................................... 22 4.1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................................22 4.1.1. TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND SOILS..................................................................................22 4.1.2. CLIMATE............................................................................................................................24 4.1.3. SURFACE WATER RESOURCES...........................................................................................26 4.1.4. GROUND WATER RESOURCES............................................................................................27 4.2. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .....................................................................................................27 4.2.1. VEGETATION......................................................................................................................27 4.2.2. WILDLIFE...........................................................................................................................27 4.2.3. PROTECTED OR RESTRICTED AREAS..................................................................................31 4.3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT .....................................................................................32 4.3.1. ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES...........................................................................................32 4.3.2. URBAN PLANNING ZONING.................................................................................................33 4.3.3. LOCAL FACILITIES .............................................................................................................33 4.3.4. LAND OWNERSHIP .............................................................................................................34 4.3.5. LAND USE .........................................................................................................................34 4.3.6. BUILT UP PROPERTIES .......................................................................................................35 4.3.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE................................................................................................35 4.3.8. CULTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL VALUES .......................................................................43 5. ATHIENOU: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ....................................................... 44 5.2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................................44 5.2.1. TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND SOILS..................................................................................44 5.1.2. CLIMATE............................................................................................................................45 5.1.3. SURFACE WATER RESOURCES...........................................................................................46 5.1.4. GROUND WATER RESOURCES............................................................................................46 5.2. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .....................................................................................................46 5.2.1. VEGETATION......................................................................................................................46 5.2.2. WILDLIFE...........................................................................................................................46 5.2.3. PROTECTED OR RESTRICTED AREAS..................................................................................46 5.3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT .....................................................................................47 5.3.1. ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES...........................................................................................47 5.3.2. URBAN PLANNING ZONING.................................................................................................47 SOGREAH CYPRUS – A.F.MODINOS &S.A.VRAHIMIS JANUARY - 2004 PAGE II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT GROUP B – LARNACA AREA 5.3.3. LOCAL FACILITIES .............................................................................................................47 5.3.4. LAND OWNERSHIP .............................................................................................................47 5.3.5. LAND USE .........................................................................................................................48 5.3.6. BUILT UP PROPERTIES .......................................................................................................48 5.3.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE................................................................................................48 5.3.8. CULTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL VALUES .......................................................................50 6. IMPACT ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................... 51 6.1. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................51 6.2. IMPACT SCREENING ..................................................................................................................51 6.3. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...........................................53 6.3.1. IMPACTS DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION ................................................................................53 6.3.2. IMPACTS RELATED TO PROJECT DESIGN ............................................................................56 6.3.3. IMPACTS RELATED TO PROJECT CONSTRUCTION................................................................57