CHAP 3 THE DELHI SULTANS NCERT SOLUTION (20.06.20) Q1. True/False i. Coins minted in Delhi, called dehliwal. True ii. Raziyya is from the Rajput dynasty. False iii. Kharaj was a tax on cultivation. True iv. Ibn Battuta, a fourteenth-century traveller was from Morocco, Africa. True v. Alauddin used a “token” currency, somewhat like present-day paper currency. False Q2. Fill in the blanks i. Raziyya was removed from the throne in 1240. ii. In 1236 Sultan Iltutmish’s daughter, Raziyya, became Sultan. iii. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs. iv. Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal is a part of modern Andhra Pradesh. v. Delhi became an important city only in the twelfth century. vi. Mughal emperor Humayun, was defeated by Sher Shah. Q3. What is the time of rule of Ananga Pala? Ans. 1130 -1145 Q4. What was the other name for Iqtadar? Ans. The other name for Iqtadar is muqti. Q5. Who abolished the Iqta System? Ans. Alauddin Khalji abolished the Iqta System. Q6. What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans? Ans. Persian was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans. Q7. From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India? Ans. Ibn Battuta travelled to India from Morocco, Africa. Q8. When was Moth ki Masjid built? Ans. Moth ki Masjid was built in the reign of Sikandar Lodi by his minister. Q9. For how many years Suri dynasty ruled? Ans. The Suri dynasty ruled for only fifteen years (1540-1555). Q10. Who made the plan to capture Mongol territory? Ans. Muhammad Tughluq planned a campaign to capture Mongol territory. Q11. Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi? Ans. Tomara Rajputs were the first rulers who established their capital at Delhi. Q12. What does the word mosque literally mean? Ans. A mosque is literally a place where a Muslim prostrates in reverence to Allah. Q13. In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent? Ans. The Sultanate reached its farthest extent during the reign of Muhammad Tughluq. Q14. When and where the idea of "Three orders" was first formulated? Ans. The idea of the “Three Orders” was first formulated in France in the early eleventh century. Q15. What is a mosque called in Arabic? Ans. A mosque is called a masjid in Arabic, literally a place where a Muslim prostrates in reverence to Allah. Q16. What was the duty of muqtis? Ans. The duty of the muqtis was to lead military campaigns and maintain law and order in their iqtas. Q17. Why did the authors of Persian tawarikh criticise the Delhi Sultans? Ans. The authors of Persian tawarikh criticised the Delhi Sultans for appointing the “low and base-born” to high offices. Q18. What is called qibla? Ans. During prayer, Muslims stand facing Mecca. In India this is to the west. This is called the qibla. Q19. Name the main mosque of Jahanpanah. Ans. Begumpuri mosque, built in the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, was the main mosque of Jahanpanah. Q20. Who defeated the Tomara Rajputs and when? Ans. Tomara Rajputs were defeated in the middle of the twelfth century by the Chauhans (also referred to as Chahamanas) of Ajmer. Q21. Name the ruler who made the state directly responsible for the collection of land revenue. Ans. Alauddin Khalji made the state directly responsible for the collection of land revenue. Q22. Name the famous traveler who came from Morocco, Africa in the fourteenth century. Ans. Ibn Battuta was the famous traveler who came from Morocco, Africa in the fourteenth century. Q23. Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today? Ans. Yes, I think that as today scenario has changed. Due to spread of education, women leaders are accepted more readily today. Q24. When was Begumpuri mosque built? Ans. Begumpuri mosque, built in the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, was the main mosque of Jahanpanah, the “Sanctuary of the World”, his new capital in Delhi. Q25. What do gender distinctions mean? How was it used? Ans. Gender distinctions mean social and biological differences between women and men. Usually, these differences are used to argue that men are superior to women. Q26. What were the three types of taxes collected during the sultanate period? Ans. There were three types of taxes – (1) on cultivation called kharaj and amounting to about 50 per cent of the peasant’s produce, (2) on cattle and (3) on houses. Q27. What do you mean by birthright? Ans. Birthright means privileges claimed on account of birth. For example, people believed that nobles inherited their rights to govern, because they were born in certain families. Q28. Who were the authors of tawarikh? Ans. The authors of tawarikh were learned men: secretaries, administrators, poets and courtiers, who both recounted events and advised rulers on governance, emphasising the importance of just rule. Q29. Define the term iqta, iqtadar or muqti. Ans. Like the earlier Sultans, the Khalji and Tughluq monarchs appointed military commanders as governors of territories of varying sizes. These lands were called iqta and their holder was called iqtadar or muqti. Q30. What are the various sources of information on Delhi Sultans? Ans. Inscriptions, coins and architecture provide a lot of information, especially valuable are “histories”, tarikh (singular) / tawarikh (plural), written in Persian, the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans. Q31. What did the Iqtadars or Muqtis do with the revenue they collected from the region? Ans. In exchange for their military services, the muqtis collected the revenues of their assignments as salary. They also paid their soldiers from these revenues. Q32. What is meant by the “internal” and “external” frontiers of the Sultanate? Ans. “Internal frontiers” of the Sultanate mean the hinterlands of the garrison towns. The “external” frontiers of the Sultanate mean unconquered territories such as Southern India. Q33. Alauddin’s administrative measures were successful. Comment. Ans. Alauddin’s administrative measures were quite successful and chroniclers praised his reign for its cheap prices and efficient supplies of goods in the market. He successfully withstood the threat of Mongol invasions. Q34. Name the ruler of Delhi sultanate after Iltutmish. What Minhaj-i Siraj thought about this ruler? Ans. In 1236 Sultan Iltutmish’s daughter, Raziyya, became Sultan after Iltutmish. Minhaj-i Siraj thought that the queen’s rule went against the ideal social order created by God, in which women were supposed to be subordinate to men. Q35. According to the “Circle of Justice”, why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind? Ans. According to the “Circle of Justice”, it was important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind because soldiers’ salaries come from the revenue collected from peasants and peasants can pay revenue only when they are prosperous and happy. Q36. List the five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate? Ans. The five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate are: i. Early Turkish Rulers 1206- 1290 ii. Khalji Dynasty 1290 – 1320 iii. Tughluq Dynasty 1320 – 1414 iv. Sayyid Dynasty 1414 – 1451 v. Lodi Dynasty 1451 - 1526 Q37. Why the early Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service? Ans. The early Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service because they were carefully trained to man some of the most important political offices in the kingdom. Since they were totally dependent upon their master, the Sultan could trust and rely upon them. Q38. What were the four stages involved in the preparation of a manuscript? Ans. Four stages in the preparation of a manuscript 1. Preparing the paper. 2. Writing the text. 3. Melting gold to highlight important words and passages. 4. Preparing the binding. Q39. Who were the bandagans and what was their role in the Delhi Sultanate? Ans. The early Delhi Sultans, especially Iltutmish, favoured their special slaves purchased for military service, called bandagan in Persian. They were carefully trained to man some of the most important political offices in the kingdom. Since they were totally dependent upon their master, the Sultan could trust and rely upon them. Q40. Why do you think Barani criticised the Sultan? Ans. Sultan Muhammad Tughluq appointed Aziz Khummar, a wine distiller, Firuz Hajjam, a barber, Mank a Tabbakh, a cook, and two gardeners, Ladha and Pira, to high administrative posts. Ziyauddin Barani, a midfourteenth century-chronicler, reported their appointments as a sign of the Sultan’s loss of political judgement and his incapacity to rule. Q41. What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate? Ans. The impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate i. Alauddin constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers. He imposed taxes at 50 per cent of the peasant’s yield to feed the army. He began to pay his soldiers salaries in cash rather than iqtas. ii. Muhammad Tughluq shifted residents of Delhi to the new capital of Daulatabad in the south and converted Delhi into garrison town. Q42. How did Delhi become an important city in the twelfth century? Ans. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs, who were defeated in the middle of the twelfth century by the Chauhans (also referred to as Chahamanas) of Ajmer. It was under the Tomaras and Chauhans that Delhi became an important commercial centre. Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples. Coins minted here, called dehliwal, had a wide circulation. Q43. Why did the rulers of the Delhi Sultanate fail to control the hinterlands initially? Ans.