Compaq TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Concepts and Planning Part Number: AA-Q06TF-TE April 2002 Software Version: Compaq TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Version 5.3 Operating Systems: OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.2–2, 7.3 OpenVMS VAX Version 7.2, 7.3 This manual describes concepts and planning taskstoprepareyoutousetheCompaqTCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product. Compaq Computer Corporation Houston, Texas © 2002 Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. COMPAQ, the Compaq logo, Alpha, OpenVMS, Tru64, VAX, VMS, and the Compaq logo are trademarks of Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P., in the U.S. and/or other countries. Microsoft, MS-DOS, Visual C++, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Intel, Intel Inside, and Pentium are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are trademarks of The Open Group in the U.S. and/or other countries. Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the U.S. and other countries. All other product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Confidential computer software. Valid license from Compaq required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor’s standard commercial license. Compaq shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The information is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind and is subject to change without notice. The warranties for Compaq products are set forth in the express limited warranty statements accompanying such products. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. Contents Preface 1 Introducing Compaq TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS 1.1 Overview of TCP/IP Services ................................................ 1–2 1.1.1 Data LinkLayer .......................................................... 1–3 1.1.2 InternetLayer ............................................................ 1–3 1.1.3 Transport Layer .......................................................... 1–3 1.1.4 Application Layer ........................................................ 1–4 1.2 Application Support .......................................................... 1–5 1.2.1 PATHWORKS and DECnet-over-TCP/IP Support .................. 1–5 1.3 APIs ............................................................................. 1–5 1.3.1 BerkeleySockets Interface ............................................. 1–5 1.3.2 OpenVMS QIO System Service Interface ............................ 1–6 1.3.3 ONC RPC ProgrammingInterface .................................... 1–6 1.3.4 SNMP Programming Interface ......................................... 1–7 1.4 Understanding RFCs ......................................................... 1–7 2 Understanding OpenVMS and UNIX Implementations 2.1 Evaluating the Computing Environment ................................. 2–1 2.1.1 Understanding the Open Systems Concept .......................... 2–1 2.1.2 Understanding theMiddleware Concept ............................. 2–2 2.2 File Compatibility ............................................................ 2–2 2.2.1 Directory Hierarchies ................................................... 2–3 2.2.2 File Specifications ........................................................ 2–4 2.2.3 Absoluteand Relative File Specifications ............................ 2–5 2.2.4 File Specifications ........................................................ 2–6 2.2.5 Case Sensitivity .......................................................... 2–6 2.2.6 File Types ................................................................. 2–7 2.2.7 VersionNumbers ......................................................... 2–7 2.2.8 Linking Files .............................................................. 2–7 2.2.9 File Structures ............................................................ 2–8 2.2.10 File Ownership ........................................................... 2–8 2.2.11 File Protections ........................................................... 2–9 2.3 Portability ...................................................................... 2–10 2.4 Determining Which File System to Use ................................... 2–11 3 OpenVMS Server and Network Configurations 3.1 Understanding OpenVMS VAX and Alpha Systems .................... 3–1 3.1.1 User Environment ....................................................... 3–1 3.1.2 System Management Environment ................................... 3–2 3.1.3 Programming Environment ............................................ 3–2 3.2 OpenVMS Cluster Configuration ........................................... 3–3 3.2.1 FailoverCapability ...................................................... 3–3 3.2.2 ConnectionLoadBalancing ............................................ 3–4 3.3 Multihoming and Multiple Interfaces ..................................... 3–4 Contents iii 3.3.1 Multihomed Computers ................................................. 3–5 3.3.2 Primary Interface ........................................................ 3–5 3.3.3 Pseudointerfaces ......................................................... 3–6 3.4 Serial Line Connections ...................................................... 3–6 4 OpenVMS Operating System TCP/IP Features 4.1 TCP/IP Management Control Program .................................... 4–1 4.2 Defining Logical Names ..................................................... 4–2 4.3 OpenVMS System Dump Analysis (SDA) Tool ........................... 4–2 4.4 System Messages ............................................................. 4–3 4.4.1 OPCOM .................................................................... 4–3 4.4.2 Log Files ................................................................... 4–3 4.5 ODS-5and ODS-2File Structures ......................................... 4–4 4.5.1 Considerations for System Management ............................. 4–4 4.5.2 Considerations for Users ................................................ 4–4 4.5.3 Considerations for Applications ........................................ 4–4 4.6 Network Printers ............................................................. 4–5 4.6.1 LinePrinter Daemon (LPD) Service .................................. 4–5 4.6.2 TELNET Print Symbiont ............................................... 4–7 4.6.3 Serial LinePrinterConnections ....................................... 4–7 4.6.4 Sharing Network Printers Using PATHWORKS (Advanced Server) ..................................................................... 4–7 4.6.5 PC-NFS .................................................................... 4–9 5 Network Server Services 5.1 Network Time Protocol (NTP) .............................................. 5–1 5.1.1 Time Distributed Through a Hierarchy of Servers ................. 5–2 5.1.2 How the OpenVMS System Maintains the System Clock ......... 5–2 5.1.3 How NTP Adjusts System Time ....................................... 5–2 5.1.4 Configuring the Local Host ............................................. 5–3 5.1.5 Using the Distributed Time Synchronization Service (DTSS) .... 5–3 5.2 Routing ......................................................................... 5–3 5.2.1 Static Routing ............................................................ 5–4 5.2.2 DynamicRouting ......................................................... 5–4 5.3 Remote ClientManagement(BOOTP/DHCP) ............................ 5–6 5.3.1 How DHCP Operates .................................................... 5–6 5.3.2 How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses ................................... 5–7 5.3.3 Relationship Between DHCP and BOOTP ........................... 5–9 5.3.4 Client ID ................................................................... 5–9 5.4 File Transfer Services ........................................................ 5–9 5.4.1 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ............................................ 5–10 5.4.2 Trivial FTP (TFTP) ...................................................... 5–10 5.4.3 R Commands .............................................................. 5–10 5.4.4 DifferencesBetweenFTP and RCP ................................... 5–11 5.5 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ......................... 5–12 5.5.1 Configuring SNMP ....................................................... 5–12 5.5.2 Ensuring Access to Mounted Data .................................... 5–13 6 Mail Services 6.1 Post Office Protocol (POP) ................................................... 6–1 6.1.1 POP Server Process ...................................................... 6–1 iv Contents 6.1.2 How to Access Mail Messages from the POP Server ................ 6–2 6.1.3 How the POP Server Handles Foreign Message Formats ......... 6–2 6.1.4 How the POPServer Authorizes Users ............................... 6–2 6.1.5 Understanding POPMessage Headers ............................... 6–3 6.2 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) .................................... 6–5 6.2.1 How SMTP Clients and ServersCommunicate ..................... 6–5 6.2.2 Understanding How SMTP Translates OpenVMS Mail Headers 6–6 6.2.3 Understanding SMTP Addresses ...................................... 6–6 6.3 IMAP ...........................................................................