I 1:1 Monthly and annual totals of I RAINFALL 1970 for the United Kingdom DRAWER DATA UKMO Duplicate National Meteorological Library FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon. EX1 3PB Front cover photograph: The river Thamei at Teddihgton after heavy rain, by permission of Mr K.E. Woodley Met Office National Meteorological Library and Archive Alexandria FitzRoy Road Exeter EX1 3PB UK Tel: +44 (0)1392 88 4838 Fax: 5681 Email: [email protected] http://www.metoffice.gov.uk This publication must be returned or renewed by the last date shown below. Items cannot be renewed if reserved by other borrowers. Extended loans must be authorised bv the Librarian. Publications must NOT be passed to other readers 7-r*.l **«* O j'(/« -VIM - 6 MAY 1980 JtflANtlHSSTER WEAYS-JEH CENTRE 380780011 15056 (c) Crown copyright 1979 Published by the Meteorological Office London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SZ UDC 551. 506. 1 (41-4) ISBN 0861800222 INTRODUCTION 1. This publication The present publication is the second in the new paper-back series which provides the information on rainfall over the United Kingdom that was formerly given in Part I of British Rainfall. It gives monthly and annual totals of rainfall and, where available, the rainfall on the wettest day of the year by amount and date(s). 2. Station details The publication includes the 'Hydrometric Station Number' for each station: this is the reference number used by the Meteorological Office to identify station data. The location of the rain-gauge site is given by National Grid Reference to the nearest 100 metres. The altitude of the rain-gauge site above mean sea level is given to the nearest metre. The name of the rainfall station is that used by the Meteorological Off­ ice under rules which require that the primary name should normally appear on the 1-inch Ordnance Survey map and/or its 1:50 000 metric successor; the supplementary part of a name, which appears after a comma, is included to assist identification, e.g. 'York, Poppleton' and 'York, Acomb Landing'. For stations whose data were published in British Rainfall it is obviously desirable that there should be some continuity in naming; in a few cases this consideration has been given preference over the usual naming rules and the name adopted may not in fact appear on current Ordnance Survey maps. Where a station name is prefixed by an asterisk the rain-gauge is set with its rim at ground level, surrounded by a pattern of antisplash grid which is acceptable to the Meteorological Office. Where a station name is prefixed by the symbol # the station is located in England although it is shown within the Hydrometric Areas associated with Scottish River Purification Boards; such stations fall within the data areas of the Northumbrian River Authority if in the north-east, or of the Cumberland River Authority if in the north-west. The average annual rainfall at stations for the period 1916-50 is given in as many cases as possible. Estimated averages are not included. River flow measurement stations, although in some cases allocated a 'Hydrometric Station Number', are not included in the publication. 3. Rivers and streams The publication follows earlier practice in that it endeavours to ass­ ociate rain-gauges with particular catchments and accordingly names the associated rivers and streams. It is not practicable to identify every stream in the country and some minor features have necessarily been ignored. However, in general, a stream is separately identified if it is more than four miles long and has, or has had, a number of rainfall stations within its catchment. in As with station names, a number of subjective decisions have had to be taken. The name of the river or stream not uncommonly changes throughout its course: a stream which enters and leaves a lake may thereby acquire a new name. In general, such rivers are identified by the name in use at the lowest reaches, that at the mouth or that at the confluence with a larger river to which it is a tributary. 4. River Authorities and hydrometric areas Although changes in local government boundaries and changes in water authority organization took place in 1974/75 and this booklet is pub­ lished after that time, the data are related to arrangements in existence at the time of the observations and to the river authority areas (in Scot­ land to River Purification Board areas) in 1970. 5. Data The unit of rainfall amount that is used is the millimetre (mm). Monthly and annual totals are the summation of daily and monthly totals in that unit. If for any station or any period the unit of measurement was the inch, the daily data have been converted to millimetres: the monthly totals now reported for such stations are the sums of the daily mi Mi- metric equivalents of the rainfall measured. The data from each station have been subjected to the routine quality- control procedure in operation by the Meteorological Office at the time of data receipt. Any corrections or adjustments have been incorporated in the figures now presented. Certain practices operating during the period of publication of British Rainfall have been kept, namely the retention in archives of all data as originally submitted, and the omission from the published information of data from stations which appear too unrepresentative of the rainfall regime indicated by the bulk of rainfall stations in the area. The present publication continues the practice commenced with the first new paper-back edition, that for 1969, in that reports from stations from which data for the year are incomplete are included. Some stations opened or closed during the year and for others a local shift of site occurred which is thought to have been sufficient to raise doubts about the homogeneity of the old and new observations. New hydrometric station numbers have been allocated in the latter instance. When data are missing in a random manner from the Meteorological Off­ ice data set for 1970, then the station in question will not, in general, be included in the lists of published data. In a certain limited number of cases, missing monthly totals are estimated and such estimated values are shown in the table by brackets around the totals. Where totals have been subjected to substantial amendment during the quality- control process, this too is indicated by the presence of brackets around the rainfall totals. Such amendments, in addition to the treatment accorded suspect daily values, could arise for example from the re- apportionment of rainfall reported when the observation on the first day of the month has been missed, or because of adjustments arising from snowfall. It has not proved possible to review the data for stations in Scotland to include incomplete-year data for 1970. IV 6. Availability This series of booklets has been introduced to meet the needs within the Meteorological Office. Further, it provides the opportunity to ack­ nowledge the contribution of many enthusiastic, private rainfall obser­ vers and co-operating rainfall station authorities who may receive a free copy for the period during which the data from their station(s) are published. Whilst the booklets are not produced for sale, the Meteorological Off­ ice is prepared to release surplus copies, on repayment, to libraries, universities and other educational establishments, and indeed to in­ dividuals, particularly if they wish to maintain a series of publications of rainfall data as a continuation to the former British Rainfall series. The publications are available only from the Meteorological Office: they will not be available through Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Applica­ tions should be made to one of the addresses given below: The Director-General Meteorological Office (Met 0 8) London Road BRACKNELL Berkshire RG12 2SZ The Superintendent Meteorological Office 231 Corstorphine Road EDINBURGH EH12 7BB The Principal Meteorological Officer Meteorological Office Tyrone House Ormeau Avenue BELFAST Northern Ireland BT2 8HH I" _,———————————,———————————,————————— —I 4 5 6 ' 12- ——————12-1 AREAL GROUPING OF RAINFALL STATIONS based on drainage areas See page opposite for index rlO———— 107 -10 106-?- -9- -8————f- 13 8 •7- 2K-1CN 7978 so 112 24 -5- 27 26 -4- KILOMETRES 0 _20_40_eO_80JpOJ20J40J60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 L. STATUTE MILES MM njc«io«ifl/M4amTmi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Index to areal grouping of stations. Hydro- Hydro- metric metric Area area Page Area area Page England and Wales Scotland River authority area River purification board area Northumbrian 22-25 1 So I way 77-81 72 Yprkshire Ouse and Hull 26,27 4 Ayrshire 82.83 74 75 Trent 28 10 Clyde 84-87 Lincolnshire 29.30 15 Well and and Nene 31.32 17 Hydro logical area grouping Great Ouse 33 18 East Suffolk and Norfolk 34.35 21 Kintyre and south-western islands 104 78 Essex 36.37 23 Add, Awe and Etive 88,89 78 Lochy and Linnhe 90.91 79 Conservancy area or London area Shiel, Alsh and Maree 92-94 79 Inner and Outer Hebrides 105.106 80 Lee 38 25 Laxford 95 81 London, left bank 39 26 Naver and Thurso 96.97 81 81 Thames 39 27 Orkney and Shetland Islands 107.108 London, right bank 39 32 Wick Water to Conon 1-4 82 Beauly and Ness 5,6 83 River authority area River purification board area Kent 40 33 7-9 Sussex 41 35 Banff, Moray and Nairn 84 85 Hampshire 42 38 Dee and Don 10-12 86 Isle of Wight 101 39 North and South Esk 13 Avon and Dorset 43,44 40 Tay 14-16 87 17.18 89 Devon, south 45,46 41 Forth 91 Cornwall 47-49 44 Lothians 19.20 Devon, north 50,510 45 Tweed 21 92 Somerset 515,52 47 Bristol Avon 53 48 Northern Ireland Severn