•< j SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA: ....Q) < 8 .... A REGIONAL PROFILE ~ ....-..J N= a: - LEE 1990 CRD Community Resource Development Virginia Cooperative Extension Service Virginia Tech and Virginia State Virginia's Land Grant Universities 1990 Virginia Cooperative Extension Service programs, activities, and employment opportunities are available to all people regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, handicap, or political affiliation. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, and September 30, 1977, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. James F. Johnson, Acting Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, and Acting Vice Provost for Extension, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Clinton V. Turner, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia. SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA A REGIONAL PROFILE PREPARED BY: Donald P. Lacy Extension Specialist Community Resource Development Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Pamela D. Gibson Research Specialist Community Resource Development Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Mark D. Miller Research Specialist Community Resource Development Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University \\ TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vu ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ix INfRODUCTION . 1 REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS ........................ 3 HISTORlC POPULATION, CURRENT POPULATION, AND PROJECTIONS .... 3 POPULATION TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS (GRAPH) . ... 3 RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISTRlBUTION - 1980 ................... 4 AGE DISTRlBUTION -- 1970 & 1980 ........................ 4 COMMUNITY PROFILE ................................. 5 CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE . 5 SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA GOVERNMENTS . 6 COUNTIES •.••.••.••••••••• , •••.•.....••••••• 6 CITIES .••.•..•.••••••••••••••.••.•.•••••••• 7 TOWNS •••••..••.•••••••••••••..•.•.•••••••• 8 SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA PLANNING DISTRlCT COMMISSIONS .......... 12 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .•........................... 13 REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . 13 LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • 14 SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA CERTIFIED COMMUNITIES . .... 15 MEDI CAL FA CI LI TIES -- 1987 . 16 EMERGENCY SERVICES FOR THE SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA REGION . .... 16 PRlMARY AND SECONDARY FIRE STATIONS ................... 17 CULTURAL AND LEISURE ATTRACTIONS ..................... 18 HISTORlC ATTRACTIONS ............................. 19 WALKING TOURS . ............. 20 MUSEUMS AND GALLERlES . 20 PERFORMING ARTS ..•..•........................... 22 OUTDOOR ATTRACTIONS, PARKS, AND RECREATION CENTERS ........ 22 EVENTS ....................................... 26 MASS MEDIA ....................................... 28 NEWSPAPERS . • . • . 28 DAILY NEWSPAPERS • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . 28 NON-DAILY NEWSPAPERS •.•••••••••.•.....•.•..••••• 28 FREE DISTRIBUTION . • • . • • • . • • • • • • • . • . • . • . • • • • • • . • 28 RADIO ........................................ 29 TELEVISION STATIONS ......•......................... 31 LIBRARIES .......•.................•............. 31 ECONOMIC CONDffiONS ................ 32 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS -- 1988 ......... 32 REVENUES FROM TOURlSM . 32 FAIR MARKET VALUE OF REAL ESTATE ..................... 33 FAIR MARKET VALUES OF REAL ESTATE (GRAPH) ............... 33 INCOME .....••................................. 34 ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME PER CAPITA (GRAPH) . 34 iii LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT ........................ 35 ANNUAL AVERAGE LABOR FORCE ESTIMATES (GRAPH) ............ 35 ANNUAL AVERAGE LABOR FORCE ESTIMATES ................. 35 ANNUAL AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT ESTIMATES (GRAPH) .......... 35 EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE RATES BY INDUSTRY -- 1988 ............ 36 EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS . 36 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYERS ......................... 37 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES . 37 BUSINESS RESOURCES . 38 CERTIFIED DEVEWPMENT CORPORATIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38 CENTERS FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY ••••••••••••••••••••• 38 SMALL BUSINESS INSTITUTE WCATIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38 URBAN ENTERPRISE ZONES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 MAIN STREET PROGRAMS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 GOVERNMENT ...................................... 40 PLANNING AND ZONING . 40 LAW ENFORCEMENT ................................ 40 INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUES (GRAPH) .................. 41 INTERGOVERNMENT AL REVENUES . 41 INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUE SOURCES (GRAPH) ............. 41 GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES AND INDEBTEDNESS . 42 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA (GRAPH) ..... 42 CAPITAL PROJECT APPLICATIONS ....•..................... 43 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA (GRAPH) ................. 43 TAXABLE RETAIL SALES .............................. 44 GROSS ANNUAL RETAIL SALES PER CAPITA (GRAPH) ............. 44 SALES TAX ..................................... 44 EDUCATION ........................................ 45 AVERAGE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURES PER PUPIL .... 45 TOTAL EXPENDITURES PER PUPIL (GRAPH) ................... 45 PUPIL TO TEACHER CLASSROOM RATIO ..................... 46 DROPOUT RATES AND POST-HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION RATES ....... 46 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES PURSUING FURTHER EDUCATION (GRAPH) ... 46 INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ..................... 47 TRANSPORTATION AND UTILITIES ........................ 48 PRIMARY HIGHWAYS AND TRAFFIC VOLUME .................. 48 MOTOR CARRIERS . 48 SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA RAIL SERVICE ...................... 49 PORT ACCESSIBILITY ................................ 49 SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AIRPORTS ........................ 50 COAL PRODUCTION ................................ 51 NATURAL GAS ................................... 51 ELECTRICITY .................................... 52 SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA WATER SUPPLY ..................... 52 STATISTICAL TABLES ................................. 53 AREA AND LAND USAGE • . • . 54 POPULATION, ESTIMATES, AND PROJECTIONS ................. 55 DEMOGRAPHICS -- 1980 .............................. 56 AGE DISTRIBUTION -- 1970 57 AGE DISTRIBUTION -- 1980 58 iv MEDICAL FACILITIES -- 1987 ..............•............. 59 LIBRARIES -- 1986 . • • . • . 60 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS . 61 TOURlSM ...•.......................... 62 FAIR-MARKET VALUE OF REAL ESTATE ............ 63 INCOME DISTRlBUTION ..•.•....•............ 64 ANNUAL AVERAGE LABOR FORCE ESTIMATES ................. 65 LAW ENFORCEMENT ....•............................ 66 GOVERNMENT FINANCES -- REVENUE ...................... 67 GOVERNMENT FINANCES -- OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURES . 68 GOVERNMENT FINANCES -- DEBT . 69 GOVERNMENT FINANCES -- CAPITAL PROJECTS ................ 70 SALES TAX DISTRlBUTION .•.....•...................... 71 TAXABLE RETAIL SALES ...•....•.•.................... 72 EDUCATION -- ENROLLMENT ....•......... 73 EDUCATION -- GRADUATES . ... 74 EDUCATION -- DROPOUTS ..•............. 75 EDUCATION -- EXPENDITURES FOR OPERATIONS ... 76 v vi PREFACE The Southwest Virginia Economic Development Commission was created by the 1985 General Assembly "to Conduct a study and propose recommendations as to measures which might be taken to improve and enhance economic development in the Southwest region of the Commonwealth." The Commission was directed to "pay particular attention to ways in which industry might be attracted to the Southwest by activities on the part of the state government, by individual and joint efforts of local governments in the region, by regional efforts with the governments of neighboring states and their local governments, by programs provided by or through educational institutions located in the area, and by the regional business, banking, and industrial community." The Commission submitted its final report, "Forward Southwest Virginia," to the Governor and General Assembly on July 1, 1987. The twenty-one members of the Commission included five members from the General Assembly and sixteen from banking, utilities, local government, planning districts, and industry. The study area included the counties and cities that compose the first four planning districts. This publication provides a regional profile that highlights the economic development trends of the seventeen counties, four cities, and forty-nine towns of Southwest Virginia. Data for this publication were collected from published sources available July-September 1989. In so far as possible, the data are presented for fiscal years 1980-81 through 1987-88. Many of the tables include totals for the region, the seven coal counties, and the state. Some of the data for earlier years were not available in consistent form and content. Thus, some of the tables and graphics reflect shorter time periods; eg., bank deposits cover only a two-year period. As this publication is revised, the data base for each category of information will be expanded to reflect longer time periods. The sources for the data are identified in the footnotes. These footnotes indicate publication dates and other appropriate information. vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In order to create this 1989 edition of Southwest Virginia: A Regional Profile, many agencies and individuals contributed information and helpful ideas. We extend special thanks to the members of the review conunittee: Nancy Ascue, Extension Agent for Russell County James N. Cranor, Information Director at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Franklin E. Crockett, Economic