UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2008 Characterizing the chipped stone from Kritou Marottou Ais Yiorkis, Cyprus: Investigations into the Cypro-Ppnb Kasey Erin O'Horo University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation O'Horo, Kasey Erin, "Characterizing the chipped stone from Kritou Marottou Ais Yiorkis, Cyprus: Investigations into the Cypro-Ppnb" (2008). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/vjqs-bb3y This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERIZING THE CHIPPED STONE FROM KRITOU MAROTTOU AIS YIORKIS, CYPRUS: II'P/ESTIOATIGNS INTO THE CYPRO-PPNB by Kasey Erin OTioro Bachelor of Arts Youngstown State University 2001 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Anthropology Department of Anthropology College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2008 UMI Number: 1463521 Copyright 2009 by O'Horo, Kasey Erin All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 1463521 Copyright 2009 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway PC Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright by Kasey Erin O’Horo 2009 All Rights Reserved Thesis Approval U N iy The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas November 13______ , 20O8 The Thesis prepared by Kasey E. O'Horo Entitled Characterizing the Chipped Stone from Kritou Marottnu Ais Yinrkis. Cyprus: Investigations into the Cvpro-PPNB is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts_______________________________ Examination Committee Chair c:z Dean of the Graduate College Examination Committee Member Examination Committee Membk. Examination Committee Member _____ Graduate'College Faculty Representative 1017-53 11 ABSRACT Characterizing the Chipped Stone from Kritou MarottouAis Yiorhis, Cyprus: Investigations into the Cypro-PPNB by Kasey Erin O’Horo Dr. Alan H. Simmons, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Anthropology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Kritou Marottou Ais Yiorkis represents the Middle Cypro-Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, a formative period in the prehistory of Cyprus. Many other aspects of the site lend to its significance, including the sites inland, upland location, presence of cattle, anomalous architecture, interesting botanical assemblage, and consistent yet distinctive chipped stone assemblage. The chipped stone from Ais Yiorkis was employed to examine economic choices and site use patterns. An overall characterization describes the assemblage, providing baseline data. Research questions investigate artifact variation, intra-site distribution, and inter-site comparison. The results have proven the assemblage to be contemporary, revealed a low degree of variation, very regular intra­ site distribution, and the systematic use of a distinctive, possibly site specific technology. The significance of the chipped stone economy specifically and the site more broadly do not stand alone, but in fact document a period in the prehistoiy of Cyprus that has until now been largely undefined. Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF FICURES.............................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDCMENTS........................................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 R esearch C o n tex t ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 R esearch D e sig n ..............................................................................................,..........................5 1.3 Framework ................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2 THE CYPRIOT NEOLITHIC IN CONTEXT............................................................. 10 2.1 The Environment and Resources of Cyprus .................................................................. 10 2.2 Cyprus in Context .................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 Mainland Connections ............................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 The Earliest Prehistory of Cyprus .......................................................................... 15 2.3 The Chronology of the Cypriot Neolithic......................................................................... 17 2.4 The Aceramic Neolithic......................................................................................................... 18 2.4.1 A Cypro-PPNA?............................................................................................................. 19 2.4.2 The Cypro-PPNB.......................................................................................................... 22 2.4.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 22 2.4.2.2 Parekklisha Shillourokambos ..........................................................................23 2.4.2.3 Kissonerga M ylouthkia ..................................................................................... 25 2.4.2.4 Kalavasos Tenta ...................................................................................................28 2.4.2.5 Akanthou Arkosyko (Tatlisu-çiftlikduzu) ................................................... 30 2.4.3 Khirokitia Culture ..........................................................................................................31 2.4.3.1 Khirokitia Vounoi ................................................................................................ 33 2.4.3.2 Kholetria O rtos .............................................................................. 34 2.4.3.3 Cape Andreas K astros ................................................................. 36 2.4.4 Other Sites.......................................................................................................................38 2.5 C a p s .............................................................................................................................................. 38 2.6 The Pottery Neolithic...............................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO AIS YIORKIS...................... 44 3.1 The Local Environment and Resources of Ais Yiorkis ..................................................44 3.2 Archaeological History ofAis Yiorkis .................................................................................44 3.3 The Artifacts and Features of Ais Yiorkis ......................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOCY.......................................................................................................... 52 4.1 The Site ........................................................................................................................................52 4.2 Artifact Collection and Analyses ....................................................................................... 55 4.3 Chipped Stone Typology and Technology ........................................................................ 57 4.3.1 Attributes .................................................. 57 4.3.1.1 Blank Type ............................................................................................................ 57 4.3.1.2 Platform and End Types ................................................................................. 59 4.3.1.3 Retouch Type .......................................................................................................61 4.3.1.4 Raw Material...................................................................................................... 61 IV 4.3.1.5