The Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi- an anthropological study of a social movement in the Philippines Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Covar, Prospero Reyes, 1935- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 10:05:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565325 THE IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAKE- AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STODI OF A'SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES tgr Prosper© Reyes Covar A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR. OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 5 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Prospero Reyes Covar_____________________ , entitled THE IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAKE - AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF A SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES_________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY_____________________________ After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or re­ production of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the. major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the in­ terests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. PREFACE A little over ten years easily went by between this study and ray previous fieldwork with the Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi, This is the way it should be when one studies a social movement. It is a continuing inter­ est, probably a lifelong avocation, A social movement evolves. It cannot pursue its own career inde­ pendently of its social setting. Sometimes the sailing is smooth. Often­ times the road is rough. All the way the course is uneven. Mary anthropologists among others Mead, Schwartz, and Wallace had worked out several stages through which a movement goes through. It is difficult to assign a definite time schedule to each of these stages. Even harder is predicting a movement8 s life span. , I feel that a time-series study of about ten years interval is sufficient to retrieve what goes on in-between. It does not blur too much the mazeway of key informants to recall significent events with con­ siderable detail. With this length of time a fieldworker should have sufficiently allowed his dust to settle down and to savor a renewed appe­ tite for his subject. This research on the iglesia Watawat ng L a M was supported by the University of Arizona Committee on Pre-doc toral Fellowships for eight months. Through Dr. Curtis B. Merritt, Chairman, I wish to extend my sincerest gratitude, iii The University of the Philippines - Cornell University Graduate Education Program financed our stay and studies at the University of Arizona for three years. Dr, Richard F, Wilson through Dr, Raymond H„ Thompson, Chairman, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, made available an education grant to tie' us over during the later por­ tion of our stay in Tucson, I also received a general scholarship award through the kindness of Dr, Richard A. Harvill, President, University of Arizona, during the spring semester 1969-70, The Executive Council of the Episcopal Church through the Reverend Robert S. Seiler helped us with a special gift when we needed it most. The Bacdayans1 and Sendaydiegos8 shared with us much concern and affection. To all of these people we (Verna, lELriam, and I) would like to express, maraming salamat po. Pag- palain nawa kayo. It took me about three years to come out with this manuscript. Meanwhile the composition of my dissertation Committee had changed. Drs. Edward P. Dozier, William H, Kelly, Harry T. Getty, Keith H. Basso, and Edward H. Spicer were unnecessarily kept waiting. I owed them a lot as mentors. They introduced me to the vast frontier of knowledge. They impressed upon me the.elegance of anthropological theories and the rigors of research. Certainly their noble ideas and wise counsel are reflected in this study. However, any error that is here is solely mine. Finally, to the leaders and members of the Xglesia Watawat ng L a M goes my deep sympathetic understanding. To my mind your organiza­ tion is a fusion of three cultural systems. It is a new whole. To you, it is a. movement — regardless of many like me who would come around again andagain to disturb your peace. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS * « » @ o o o « « « <> » » » o * o o @ « * * viii ATTRACT . OOOOOOOQOQO OOOOQ QQOOOOOO x CHAPTER, INTRODUCTION o O O O O O O O O O O O 0 . 0 O O 0 0 o o o 1 Statement of the Problem « . « . , . <, « » 1 Subject and Research Area /. ... , 2 Methodology * o «« « @ «o « « o © * o » o » « o * 2 " Gaining Entry 6 Fieldwork Circa i960 „ . „ . 9 Fieldwork Circa 1970 19 Kinds of Data Gathered and Techniques of Gathering Data 20 Types of Analysis , . ' . „ , . „ . 24 Scope and Generality . „ „ „ . » . » .. .■. 25 Organization of the Report ............ 26 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE o e o 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 o o o 0 0 2? Definition . , 27 Classification ............. 28 Plausible Explanation 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 30 Life History . 31 Functions ........ 32 Methodological Approaches ........... 32 , Position of Social Movement in Theory and Method 35 III ■ CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 37 Analytic Tools ............ 37 Reconstruction of Natural History 37 Definition of Ideological Domain . 40 Formal Analysis of Social Structure 41 Systemic Study of Organization OO 0 0 O 0 0 0 42 IV THE IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAKE _ NATURAL HISTORY 43 Formative Years- (1936=1944) 0 60000000000 44 Period of Growth and Development (1945-1970) Steady State (1970 and beyond) ...... 65 V vi TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued. Pag e : - V THE IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAHI - HISTORICO-RELIGIOUS W GRID VIEW 0 0 a Q O O 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 68 The CiceaiyXoii o o o o o o o © o o o o o o o o o o o 68 Ministry of Jesus Christ * , » , ».' 0' « « '« 72 Ministration of the Banal na Tinig 0 0 0 o o o o o 73 The Second. Comng o ooooooeo.ooooo oo-o 73 The Life and Mission of Dr0 Jose P e Rizal 0 o o 75 Establishment of the New Kingdom ooooooooo 8? 4 Augural Signs oooooo.oo. ooooooooo . 89 Armageddon ooooooooo.ooooooooo 9G Social and Physical Changes 0 0 0 o o o o 0 o 0 91 VI THE IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAHI - ETHICAL DOMAIN 0 o o « o 95 Aims and Puinpos es ooooooooooooooooo 9^ Patakaran (Guideposts) • .■»' « « « , 8 * o « . o' o 98 Rules of Conduct ooooooooooooooooo 100 Rules Governing the Conduct of the Members of the Church of the Banner of the Race 0 o « 101 The Ten Commandments of.Dr# Jose Rizal 0 « 0 o 102 The Don®ts of Dr, Jose Rizal ooooooooo 103 VII THE IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAHI - SOCIAL STRUCTURE „ 0 o o 105 Structural Transformation 0 oooooooooooo 105 Sxmulam (Cause) ooooeoooooooooo 106 Samahang Watawat ng Lahi e • o 0 o 0 o o 0 o o 107 Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi oooooooooooo 109 Functional Social Units 0 o e o e o o 0 o o o o o o 113 ^III ANALYSIS o o ooooooooo oooooooooooo 117 Treatment of Natural History 0 0 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 Organization of Leadership » 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 118 Recruitment of Members 0 0 0 0 00 o 000 0 0 119 Internalization of Dreamsf Visions, and Critical Experiences e. e « 0 0 „ 0 00000 120 Codification of the Rules of Conduct 00000 121 Formalization of Beliefs, Teachings and Doctrines 0 .0 0 & & 0 0 © © 0 . © ©. © . 0 © © 0 © 122 . Routinization of Rites and Rituals © © © © . , 123 Treatment of the Historico-religious World View © © 124- Treatment of the Ethical Domain . « © e © © 0 © © « 125 Treatment of the Social Structure © © © © © © © © © . 126 Systemic Study of a Social Movement , :,© © © © » © © 127 TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page IX SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION , . V . ........ .. 131 LlMtation of the Study . '» . > 132 Prospect and Direction .............. 133 APPENDIX As PAPERS OF INCORPORATION ........ 135 APPENDIX Bs ANG. SAIffUNG. UTOS' NI DR. JOSE RIZAL . ' 149 APPENDIX Cs MGA HUWAG NI DR. JOSE RIZAL ...... 150 APPENDIX Ds PANUNUMPA ............... 151 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ................. 153 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1, Distrabutlpn of Balangays (Chapters) . 3 2, Composite View of the Iglesia Matawat ng Lahi Settlement in barrio Lecheria, Calamba, Laguna, Philippines .....