EUROPEAN GNSS AGENCY EGNSS market development for road vehicle applications D4.1 – Analysis of the most promising road payment/liability critical applications for EGNOS adoption in 2025-2035 under GSA/OP/09/16/Lot 3/SC2 Brussels, 17 May 2019 GSA/OP/09/16/Lot 3/SC2 D4.1 – Analysis of the most promising road payment/liability critical applications for EGNOS adoption in 2025-2035 CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... 2 FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 5 2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 6 3 LOCATION-BASED CHARGING APPLICATIONS ............................................................... 9 3.1 Electronic toll collection (ETC) ........................................................................................... 9 3.2 Zone Billing ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.3 On-street parking .............................................................................................................. 27 4 INSURANCE AND LIABILITY .............................................................................................. 31 4.1 Insurance telematics ......................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Smart Tachograph ............................................................................................................ 36 5 ON-DEMAND MOBILITY ..................................................................................................... 39 5.1 Taxi meter ......................................................................................................................... 40 5.2 Car sharing ....................................................................................................................... 44 5.3 Car rental .......................................................................................................................... 49 6 EGNOS ADOPTION CRITERIA AND POTENTIAL EVOLUTION ....................................... 52 6.1 Location-based charging applications .............................................................................. 52 6.2 Insurance and liability ....................................................................................................... 54 6.3 On-demand mobility ......................................................................................................... 57 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 59 ANNEX 1 REQUIREMENT PARAMETERS DEFINITION ..................................................... 63 TABLES Table 1-1: Selected payment/liability critical applications ............................................................. 6 Table 3-1: ETC requirements ...................................................................................................... 19 Table 3-2: EGNOS penetration rates over the timeframe 2025-2035 for ETC .. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3-3: User requirements for Zone billing application .......................................................... 26 Table 3-4: EGNOS penetration rates over the timeframe 2025-2035 for Zone Billing ......... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5-1: User requirements for On-street parking application ................................................. 30 2 GSA/OP/09/16/Lot 3/SC2 D4.1 – Analysis of the most promising road payment/liability critical applications for EGNOS adoption in 2025-2035 Table 3-6: EGNOS penetration rates over the timeframe 2025-2035 for on-street parking . Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4-1: User requirements for Insurance telematics .............................................................. 35 Table 4-2: EGNOS penetration rates over the timeframe 2025-2035 for Insurance telematics ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4-2: User Requirements of Smart Tachograph ................................................................. 39 Table 4-4: EGNOS penetration rates over the timeframe 2025-2035 for Smart Tachographs ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5-2: Taxi business models ................................................................................................. 41 Table 5-3: User requirements for Taxi meter application ............................................................ 43 Table 5-4: User requirements for Car sharing application .......................................................... 48 Table 5-5: User requirements for Car rental application ............................................................. 51 Table 6-1: Mapping of payment/liability critical applications ....................................................... 59 Table 6-2: Positioning of potential EGNOS adopters .................................................................. 61 FIGURES Figure 3-1: GNSS based Electronic toll collection process (Toll charger leader) ....................... 11 Figure 3-2 GNSS based Electronic toll collection process (Service provider leader) ................. 12 Figure 3-3: Overview of ETC implementation in the EU for HGVs Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3-4: Provisional ETC value chain ..................................................................................... 18 Figure 3-5:Technology alternatives: GNSS and DSRC ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3-6: Overview of GNSS tolling schemes in 2025 ............................................................. 17 Figure 3-7: Examples of key players in the GNSS based Electronic toll collection application .. 19 Figure 3-8: EGNOS penetration in ETC ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3-9: Provisional Zone billing value chain .......................................................................... 24 Figure 3-10: Architecture of GNSS-based ERP System in Singapore........................................ 25 Figure 3-11: Overview of existing environmental zones in Europe 2018 .................................... 23 Figure 3-12: EGNOS penetration in Zone billing ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3-13: Provisional Value chain of On-street parking ......................................................... 29 Figure 3-14: EGNOS penetration in On-street parking ................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4-1:Telematics device options ......................................................................................... 32 Figure 4-2: Telematics and UBI penetration rate in Europe in 2016, by country Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4-3: EGNOS penetration in Insurance telematics .............. Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4-4: Provisional Smart Tachograph value chain .............................................................. 37 Figure 4-5:Smart Tachograph Architecture ................................................................................. 38 Figure 4-6: EGNOS penetration in Smart tachographs ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 GSA/OP/09/16/Lot 3/SC2 D4.1 – Analysis of the most promising road payment/liability critical applications for EGNOS adoption in 2025-2035 Figure 5-1: The distribution of shared mobility services .............................................................. 40 Figure 5-2: Provisional Value chain of Taxi meter ...................................................................... 43 Figure 5-3: Provisional VC of car sharing ................................................................................... 47 Figure 5-4: Number of car-sharing users in Europe in 2014, by country .................................... 46 Figure 5-5: Number of car-sharing vehicles in Europe in 2014, by country ................................ 46 Figure 5-6: Number of car-sharing users worldwide from 2006 to 2025 (in millions) ........... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5-7: GNSS devices in Car sharing ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5-8: Provisional VC of car rental ...................................................................................... 50 Figure 5-9: GNSS devices in car rental ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4 1 Introduction Payment critical applications links the billing with the position and timing provided by an in vehicle GNSS device. The GNSS requirements requested by these applications depend on the nature of the service. For example, Electronic toll collection (ETC) will request a higher accuracy than Pay Per Use Insurance, because there is a higher risk to charge a vehicle, that is not a user of the tolling road. Despite the fact that some applications currently demand certified devices (e.g. taximeters), new applications are providing the same service (e.g. Uber) without this