Summer Learning Dueling Documents Student Inquiry Hamilton vs. Burr Grades 6-8 "Politicans Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton duel, 1804." Gale Biography Online Collection, Gale, 2011. Gale In Context: Biography, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/PC4205129869/GPS?u=albrjh&sid=GPS&xid=b8b9cbca. Accessed 6 July 2020. Inquiry Question: Why might there be different accounts of the same event? 1 Summer Learning Inquiry: Dueling Documents ​ In this inquiry, you will decide who fired the first shot in the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. The famous duel between Hamilton and Burr has all the elements of a great history mystery. By the end of this project, you will be able to defend your position on “who fired the first shot?” An inquiry gives you the opportunity to learn about something new, ask questions, make a decision, and take action. The focus of Dueling Documents is to discuss whether “first hand” accounts of an event can be different. Pace your work so you stay excited and engaged. You may do it all at once, or you can spread it out over several days. During this project, you will answer compelling questions, complete a variety of evidence-based tasks, examine firsthand accounts and images and make your decision. If you find this topic interesting, you may want to explore the resources at the Gilder ​ Lehrman Institute’s website. The resources are free and require adult registration. ​ (https://www.gilderlehrman.org/programs-and-events/hamilton-education-program-0) th The Granger Collection: halftone print. 19 ​ Century. Hand colored at a later date. ​ "The Burr-Hamilton Duel. This print depicts the common account of the moment Vice President Aaron..." Dictionary of American History, edited by Stanley I. Kutler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. Gale In Context: High School, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/ PC3401887423/GPS?u=albrjh&sid=GPS&xid=f7e8f77c. Accessed 6 July 2020. 2 Summer Learning Writing an Argument By the end of this project, you will finish the story of the duel by using the evidence to make your argument and answer the question – who fired the first shot? ​ ​ ​ ​ Taking Action You will take informed action by creating a short public service announcement (PSA) that answers the compelling question – why might there be different accounts of the ​ same event? ​ Supporting Question 1: Why is “Setting the Stage” Important? ​ Background Information Over 200 years ago, a tragic event occurred. The event involved two men who served ​ ​ in the War for Independence, were lawyers, and held various state and federal offices after the war. In order to understand the circumstances leading to the tragic event, you ​ ​ ​ ​ will interpret a timeline to assist you in thinking chronologically. Read the Timeline (Source A) on page 4, and then respond to the questions using the ​ ​ space provided. Preview Questions: ● Why is “setting the stage” important? Explain your reasoning. ● How would you describe the relationship between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton? ● By 1804, what do you think would be Burr’s point of view toward Hamilton? ● By 1804, what do you think would be Hamilton’s point of view toward Burr? 3 Summer Learning Source A: Timeline Read through the timeline that appears below, and then answer the questions that bollow. 1789 Aaron Burr accepts a position as Attorney General for New York after supporting Alexander Hamilton’s candidate. Hamilton questions Burr’s principles. (Ellis 40) 1791 President George Washington appointed Alexander Hamilton to be Treasurer of the United States. Aaron Burr defeats Hamilton’s wealthy father-in-law for a U.S. Senate seat from New York. Burr opposed Hamilton’s economic plan as a Senator. (Ellis 40-41) 1792 Alexander Hamilton urges people not to vote for Aaron Burr when he runs for the Office of Vice President. Burr lost. (Ellis 41) 1794 Alexander Hamilton blocks Aaron Burr’s nomination as American minister to France. (Ellis 41) 1800 Aaron Burr published a document written by Alexander Hamilton that is highly critical of his fellow Federalist, President John Adams. The document was never intended for public viewing and causes Hamilton a great deal of embarrassment. The Presidential election of 1800 ends in a tie between two Republicans—Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Federalist Alexander Hamilton convinces his fellow Federalists to support Republican Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson defeats Burr. (Ellis 41) 1804 Alexander Hamilton urges people not to vote for Aaron Burr when he runs for governor of New York. Burr loses. (Ellis 41) Ellis, J. J. (2000). Founding Brothers: The revolutionary generation (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ​ ​ 4 Summer Learning Supporting Question 1: Why is “Setting the Stage” Important? ​ Why is “setting the stage” important? Explain your reasoning. How would you describe the relationship between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton? By 1804, what do you think would be Burr’s point of view toward Hamilton? By 1804, what do you think would be Hamilton’s point of view toward Burr? 5 Summer Learning Supporting Question 1 continued: Why is “Setting the Stage” Important? Now that you have an idea about the relationship between Hamilton and Burr, you are going to read a story, Source B: A Duel to the Death, on page 6, where the following ​ ​ words will be featured and may help in your understanding of setting the stage: morning, rowed, vice president, treasurer, duel, despicable, honor. ​ Before reading the story, use the space below to predict what you think the story is ​ ​ ​ ​ going to be about. Read Source B: A Duel to the Death on page 7 ​ ​ Using the space provided, answer the questions. 6 Summer Learning Setting the Stage: Who fired the first shot? Based on the story Source B: A Duel to the Death, how might we find out the answer ​ ​ to the question? Why is setting the stage important when attempting to solve a history mystery? On a separate sheet of paper, draw a sketch of the setting, include as many details ​ ​ from the story and any background information from the Timeline. (Source A). ​ ​ 7 Summer Learning Supporting Question 2: Who Fired the First Shot? ​ th Dueling was not uncommon at the turn of the 19 ​ century. Even though it was illegal, it ​ was rarely punished. Dueling was actually viewed as somewhat acceptable in resolving th “affairs of honor.” The practice died out by the end of the 19 ​ century. ​ Read Source B: A Duel to the Death for events prior to the duel. Compare the two ​ ​ eyewitness accounts from Source C: Statement from Burr’s Second and Source D: ​ ​ ​ Statement from Hamilton’s Second. Your task is to figure out what happened in the ​ time period between the duelists receiving instructions to “present” and the discharge of the weapons. Read the two sources to document evidence to answer the question: ​ ​ who fired the first shot? Use “Dueling Documents” Part 1 and Part 2 to record your evidence. - Continue to the next page - 8 Summer Learning Source B: A Duel to the Death Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr Dueled to the Death – July 11, 1804 ​ ​ On the morning of July 11, 1804, Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr raised their dueling pistols and took aim. Hamilton, the former Secretary of the Treasury, and Vice President Burr were long-standing political rivals and personal enemies. Burr might have been the president instead of vice president, had it not been for Hamilton's interference. When Burr's term as vice president was almost over, he ran for governor of New York. Hamilton, once again, prevented Burr from winning by opposing his candidacy. Burr retaliated by challenging Hamilton to a duel. As in the practice of dueling at that time, the person who was challenged to the duel selected the weapon. Hamilton selected pistols. Dueling had several practices to ensure the duel was conducted fairly. Bringing a “second” or a trusted friend was one of the practices. The seconds’ responsibilities were to make sure that each man followed the rules for dueling and to help their friends if they were wounded. Alexander Hamilton brought Nathaniel Pendleton, while Vice-President Burr brought William Van Ness. The two seconds were the only people to witness the duel because dueling was illegal. ​ ​ The men who rowed Hamilton and Burr, as well as a doctor, David Hosack, who went in case of injuries, had to stay below in the rowboats so that they could state honestly that ​ ​ they did not witness the duel. Therefore, they would not be able to testify against the duelists if they were charged with a crime. Even though duels were illegal in most states in 1804, they were not uncommon. Wealthy men, in particular, thought that dueling was the only way to defend their honor when that honor was seriously attacked. Following the rules for dueling, Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton stood 10 paces apart. Moments after the authorized second said “present,” shots rang out. Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr Dueled to the Death. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2020, from ​ http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/nation/jb_nation_hamburr_1.html (modified). ​ ​ 9 Summer Learning Source C: Statement from Burr’s Second (Excerpt) …it becomes proper for the gentleman who attended Col Burr to state also his impressions with respect to those points on which their [sic] exists a variance of opinion. The parties met…& took their respective stations as directed: the pistols were then handed to them by the seconds. Gen Hamilton elevated his, as if to try the light, & lowering it said I beg pardon for delaying you but the direction of the light renders it necessary, at the same time feeling his pockets with his left hand, & drawing forth his spectacles put them on.