Endnotes / Credits 01 The Irrational Genome Design Contest #2: 150-152, among others. 1 In The Implied Spider: Politics & Theology in Myth, Wendy Doniger cites Pablo 12 Boris Grois, “Lenin i Linkoln – obrazy sovremennoy smerti,” in Utopii a i Picasso: “Art is a lie that tells the truth.” Arshia Sattar substitutes ‘myth’ for obmen (Moskva: Izd-vo “Znak”, 1993), 353-356. ‘art’. 13 Walter Benjamin, “The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction,” in References: Illuminations, 1st ed. (New York,: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968), 217-253. http://partsregistry.org/ 14 Benjamin, “The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction,” 224-225. http://2010.igem.org/ 15 Boris Grois, “Lenin i Linkoln – obrazy sovremennoy smerti,” 353-356. http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/CAGEN 16 Leah Dickerman, “Lenin in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” In http://genocon.org/ Disturbing Remains: Memory, History, and Crisis in the Twentieth Century, ed. Michael S. Roth and Charles G. Salas (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, http://www.riken.go.jp/engn/r-world/info/info/2010/100524/index.html 2001), 77-110. http://www.biofab.org/ 17 Lopukhin, Bolezn’, smert’i bal’zamirovanie V.I. Lenina, 112. This article owes much to James King, Yashas Shetty and the ArtScienceBangalore iGEM team 2010. http://hackteria.org/wiki/index.php/DesignWorkshop2010 03 An Architecture of Humors 02 Shaping Eternity: the Preservation of Lenin’s Body Copyright all pictures (3D) 1 This text was written in the course of Prof. Marek Bartelik’s seminar on R&Sie(n) / le Laboratoire / (name of the partner according to the production) An architecture des Humeurs Constructivism at MIT in the Spring of 2009. I would like to thank Prof. Bartelik R&Sie(n) / Le Laboratoire / 2010 as well as my classmates, in particular, Ana Maria Leon and Nicola Pezolet, Scenario, design, production: R&Sie(n) for their interest and useful feedback. I am also thankful to Caroline Jones, Associated to: Rebecca Uchill, Marilyn Levine, and Igor Demchenko for their commentaries and suggestions. François Jouve / Mathematical Process Marc Fornes & Winston Hampel, Natanael Elfassy / Computations 2 Lenin’s letter to M. Gorky, 13 or 14th September 1913. Quoted in: K. Marx, F. Stephan Henrich / Process and Robotic Design Engels, V. I. Lenin. O religii. Moscow: Politizdat, 1983, 242. Gaëtan Robillard, Frédéric Mauclere, Jonathan Derrough / Design & Process of 3 IU. M. (Iuri Mikhailovich) Lopukhin, Bolezn, smert i balzamirovanie V.I. Lenina: physiological collect pravda i mify (Moskva: Respublika, 1997), 63. Berdaguer et Péjus / Nano-réceptors scénario 4 Il’ich – Lenin’s patronymic. When used instead of a first name in Russian, the Mark Kendall / Microneedles patronimic usually conveys a greater degree of familiarity. Delphine Chevrot / Takako Sato / “The Lift” Candice Poitrey / Physiological Interview 5 IU. M. (Iuri Mikhailovich) Steklov, Mogila vozhdia., 2nd ed. (Leningrad: Gos. Chris Younes / Text Natural Machine izd-vo, 1924), 14-15. Jiang Bin, architect 6 Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich, Vospominania o Lenine, 2nd ed. Laura Bellamy (Moskva: Nauka, 1969), 465-466. Rosalie Laurin 7 In a recent television interview, Melnikov’s son affirmed that this effect was intentional. 04 Illusions of Control 8 Lopukhin, Bolezn’, smert’i bal’zamirovanie V.I. Lenina, 115-116. Radical Engineers and Reactionary Artists 9 This was not the first change of dressing style in Lenin’s life: in 1917, 1 Synthetic Biology, “Synthetic Biology: FAQ,” http://syntheticbiology.org/FAQ. having triumphantly returned to Russia from the emigration, he abandoned his bourgeois hat for a democratic kepi. As Velikanova testifies, although 3 html. April 1917 Lenin arrived to Petrograd in a hat, in the official iconography he 2 H. G. Wells, “The limits of individual plasticity,” in H.G Wells: Early Writing was always depicted wearing the kepi. Moreover, later even the depictions of in Science and Science Fiction, ed. Robert Philmus and David Y. Hughes, earlier periods of his life had to feature the kepi. (Olga Velikanova, The Public (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975), 36. Perception of the Cult of Lenin Based on Archival Materials [In Russian]. 3 Jacques Loeb, “On the Nature of the Process of Fertilization and the Artificial Queenston, Ontario, Canada, 2001: 231-232). Production of Normal Larvae (Plutei) from the Unfertilized Eggs of the Sea 10 Lopukhin, Bolezn’, smert’i bal’zamirovanie V.I. Lenina, 107. Urchin,” American Journal of Physiology 3 (1899): 135-138; reprinted in Studies 11 See: “Kak balzamirovali telo Lenina (How Lenin’s Body was Embalmed),” in General Physiology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1905), 539-543. Kharkovsky Kommunist (Kharkov’s Communist), 12 August 1924, # 183; V. V. 4 Jacques Loeb to Ernst Mach, 28 December 1899, EM; on the myth of the Lauer, “O Sposobakh, Prmenennykh pri Balzamirovanii Tela Lenina (About the hero in late nineteenth-century German science see Frank J. Sulloway, Freud, Methods Used during the Embalming of Lenin’s Body), Kubansky Nauchno- Biologist of the Mind (New York: Basic Books, 1979), 445-495. Quoted in Scott F. Meditsinsky Vestnik (Kuban’ Scientific-Medical Newsletter), vol. 4, 1924; N. Gilbert, Developmental Biology, (New York: University Press, 2000), 93-117. Melnikov-Razvedenkov, “Pro Naukovi Sposobi Permanentnogo Zberezhenia 5 Philip J. Pauly, Controlling Life: Jacques Loeb and the Engineering Ideal in Tila Lenina (“On the Scientific Methods of the Permanent Preservation of Biology (Oxford University Press: 1987), 47. Lenin’s Body”), Ukrainsky Meditsinsky Archiv (Ukranian Medical Archive), 6 Ibid. vol. 5, 1930, #2: 148-50 (in Ukrainian); N. Melnikov-Raswedenkov, “Über die wissenschaftlichen Verfahren zur permanenten Erhaltung der Leiche von W. I. 7 Eduard Uhlenhuth wrote in 1916: “Through the discovery of tissue culture Lenin,” Ukrainsky Meditsinsky Archiv (Ukranian Medical Archive), vol. 5, 1930, we have, so to speak, created a new type of body on which to grow the cell.” Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_x_00185 by guest on 30 September 2021 91 “Changes in pigment epithelium cells and iris pigment cells of Rana pipiens 6 Ibid., p. 163 induced by changes in environmental conditions,” Journal of Experimental 7 Hickey, op. cit. p. 19 Medicine 24 (1916): 690. 8 Bring and Wayembergh, op. cit. p. 180 8 David M Friedman, The Immortalists: Charles Lindbergh, Dr. Alexis Carrel, 9 Benjamin, op. cit. p. 533 and Their Daring Quest to Live Forever (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 39. 10 (Full Swing Golf website) 9 Alexis Carrel, Man, the Unknown (New York: Harper & Bros, 1935). 10 Ibid., 299. 11 Eugene Thacker, “The Thickness of Tissue Engineering,” in Life Science: 09 ISLAND PHANTASMAGORIA - Exploring the Political/ Ars Electronica 99, ed. Gerfried Stocker and Christine Schopf (New York: Philosophical Underpinnings of Fictional Islands and Imagining a Springer, 1999), 183. Future of Plastic-Pirate-Island-Utopias 12 Andrew Pollack, “Custom-Made Microbes, at Your Service,” The New York 1 John Collins Rudolf, “The Warming of Greenland,” New York Times, Times, January 17, 2006, Science section, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/17/ Jan 16 2007, Environment Section, Online Edition. http://www.nytimes. science/17synt.html?emc=eta1. com/2007/01/16/science/earth/16gree.html?pagewanted=print 13 Diego Gambetta and Steffen Hertog, “Why are there so many Engineers 2 From wikipedia.org: “Despite a popular image of modernity, artificial islands among Islamic Radicals?,” European Journal of Sociology 50 (2009): 201-230. actually have a long history in many parts of the world, dating back to the 14 Ibid. crannogs of prehistoric Scotland and Ireland, the ceremonial centers of Nan 15 Emmanuel Sivan, “Why are so Many Would-Be Terrorists Engineers?,” Madol in Micronesia and the still extant floating islands of Lake Titicaca. The Haaretz, February 12, 2010, Opinion section, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/ city of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec predecessor of Mexico City that was home to spages/1149370.html 12/02/2010. 250,000 people when the Spaniards arrived, stood on a small natural island in 16 SymbioticA – Centre of Excellence in Biological Arts, http://www.symbiotica. Lake Texcoco that was surrounded by countless artificial chinamitl islands.” uwa.edu.au. 3 Rem Koolhaas, Delirious New York, (New York, NY: Monacelli Press, 1994). 4 Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 05 Design for Decline: The Bank of Savings and Futures 1993) 32. 5 J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, (London, Bloomsbury, 1 Howard T. and Elizabeth C. Odum, The Prosperous Way Down. (Boulder, 1999) 19. University Press of Colorado, 2001): 7. 6 Dominic Hughes, “Dutch Float ‘Migrant Prison’ Scheme”, BBC News, Online 2 Mark Jarzombek, “Architecture: A Failed Discipline.” Volume 19 (2009): Edition. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7096186.stm 42-46. 7 Francis Bacon, The New Atlantis, http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=2434. 06 What Do We Do With This Future? An Examination of 8 Anselm Franke and Eyal Weizman, Territories, The Frontiers of Utopia and Tempelhof Airport Other Facts on the Ground. (Verlag der Buchhandlung, Walther Konig, 2004). 9 Strangemaps http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2009/03/30/. 1 Jonathan Glancey, “Board Now, Gate Closing,” The Guardian, July 26, 2004. 10 From wikipedia.org: Libertatia is said to have been a free communalist 2 Nicholas Kulish, “Berlin’s Airport: Shining Beacon or Waste of Money.” The colony forged by pirates under the leadership of Captain Olivier Misson in the New York Times, March 8, 2010. late 1600s. Whether or not Libertatia actually existed is disputed. It is described 3 Gavriel Rosenfeld, “Munich and Memory: Architecture, Monuments, and in the book A General History of the Pyrates by Captain Charles Johnson, an the Legacy of the Third Reich.” Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism, otherwise unknown individual who may have been a pseudonym of Daniel Volume 22 (2000): Defoe.