Position Position of the “Iustitia” Association of Polish Judges and “THEMIS” Association of Judges and the Cooperation Forum of Judges on the new National Council of the Judiciary The “Iustitia” Association of Polish Judges with the “THEMIS” Association of Judges and the Cooperation Forum of Judges, convinced about the common responsibility for the system of justice in Poland, hereby presents their position about the organ presently holding the function of the National Council of the Judiciary (hereinafter NCJ). The position encompasses three issues: - the election procedure of the new members of the NCJ; - the politicisation of the NCJ; - the execution of constitutional tasks of the NCJ; The aim of the comments below is, first and foremost, to present the most important problems related to the establishment and functioning of the new NCJ. The systemic issues related to the changes in the NCJ have been broadly presented in the response of “Iustitia” to the White Book on the reform of the Polish system of justice presented by the Polish government to the European Commission1. I. The election procedure of the new members of the NCJ There is no doubt that the election procedure of judges to the NCJ, introduced by means of the act of 8 December 2017 on the amendments to the National Council of the Judiciary and some other acts, is in violation of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This is the opinion that has been voiced by association of judges, self-government authorities of judges nationwide, the NCJ in its previous composition, as well as the most prominent figures in the legal profession in Poland. 1. The termination of the term in office of the members of the NCJ 1 https://www.iustitia.pl/images/pliki/odpowiedz_na_biala_ksiege_pl.pdf;​ https://www.iustitia.pl/images/pliki/kompedium_pl.pdf;​ https://twojsad.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/WP-response.pdf Pursuant to Art 187(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the term in office of elected members of the NCJ is four years. The act of 8 December 2017, by means of regulation contained in Art 6, has shortened the term in office of members of the NCJ elected from among judges. Based on this regulation, on 6 March 2018, the Sejm elected 15 judges to the NCJ. The actual election was in the hands of the governing party, i.e. Law and Justice (9 recommended members), as well as the Kukiz 15 parliamentary club (6 recommended members). The terms in office of judges – members of the NCJ, elected by the self-government organs of judges pursuant to the law in force at a time of their election, were to end on the following dates: - 28.01.2018 r. - 1 judge (Piotr Raczkowski) - 21.03.2018 r. - 5 judges (Andrzej Adamczuk, Maria Motylska-Kucharczyk, Sławomir Pałka, Janusz Zimny, Waldemar Żurek) - 22.03.2018 r. - 2 judges (Andrzej Niedużak, Gabriela Ott) - 24.03.2018 r. - 2 judges (Katarzyna Gonera, Dariusz Zawistowski) - 16.05.2018 r. - 1 judge (Janusz Drachal) - 29.06.2018 r. - 1 (Jan Kremer) - 11.01.2020 r. - 1 (Jan Grzęda) - 20.03.2020 r. - 1 (Krzysztof Wojtaszek) The first session of the new NCJ took place on 27 April 2018. Judge Leszek Mazur was elected President of the NCJ. Before (on 6 March 2018), the First President of the Supreme Court, judge Małgorzata Gersdorf, resigned from the function of the President of NCJ. The term in office of at least 4 members of the NCJ was, therefore, terminated before the due date (Janusz​ Drachal, Jan Kremer, Jan Grzęda, Krzysztof Wojtaszek). The assessment is not changed by the ruling of the Constitutional Court of 20 June 2017, K 5/17. In response to the ruling, the Presidium of the NCJ noted, with satisfaction, that the composition of the Court shared the view of the NCJ about the constitutionality of the previously binding model of electing NCJ members from among judges and by judges themselves. The composition of the Constitutional Court only questioned the limitation of the passive electoral right of some of the judges of common courts, the limitation of active electoral rights of judges of regional administrative courts (these problems, therefore, do not refer to the judges of the Supreme Court of military courts), as well as the mutual relations of the tenures of the elected NCJ members. The NCJ Presidium also noted that the adjudicating panel who issued the ruling, was composed of persons elected to the Constitutional Court by the Sejm of the present term, to positions which had already been occupied by elected Constitutional Court judges, as was established in the Court’s decision of 3 December 2015, K 34/15 (the so called “judges – doubles”). It should be underlined that the problem of there being no proper representation of the different tiers and divisions of the judiciary has intensified. Whilst previously the NCJ suffered from the deficit of judges adjudicating in district courts (in the years 2014 – 2018 there was only one such judge in the Council), in the present NCJ there is not a single judge representing a court of appeals of the Supreme Court (elected), there is one judge from a regional court and thirteen from district courts. 2. Non-transparency of the procedure of submitting candidatures to the NCJ The mode of proposing candidatures from among judges to the position of NCJ members was completely non-transparent. In line with the initial version of the presidential draft bill (finally adopted on 8 December 2017), the Speaker of the Sejm was obliged to immediately present to the members of the parliament and inform the public opinion of all the documents submitted by judges seeking membership in the NCJ, including letters of recommendation. Each candidate was to obtain the recommendation of at least either 25 judges or 2000 citizens. However, in the last moment during the session of the parliamentary Commission for Justice and Human Rights, an amendment was introduced that the Speaker of the Sejm was to publish the document attached to the applications of the candidates but “with the exclusion of attachments”. In effect, when the Civic Development Forum, pursuant to the law on the access to public information, approached the Minister of Justice for these letters of support, it received a Xerox copy of a document with empty spaces instead of names of the persons who had recommended candidates. The public opinion was deprived of the possibility to verify whether the candidates had met the formal conditions at all. It is impossible to check whether the candidates have actually – as the new NCJ claims – received support in their courts, or whether they did not recommend each other or did get support from the judges seconded to work at the Ministry of Justice, of whom there are now approximately 160 and who hold there administrative positions, thus being subordinate to the Minister of Justice. On 12 July 2018, the Regional Administrative Court in Warsaw repealed the decision of the Chancellery of the Sejm in which it refused to present the attachment to the applications of the judge candidates to the NCJ. Among these attachments were lists of judges recommending the candidates to the NCJ. The judgement is not binding, the Chancellery of the Sejm has the right of appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court2. It is not hard to imagine a future situation where the new NCJ issues a recommendation to a position in a court of higher instance for a judge whose only “virtue” will be the fact that in the past this judge supported the candidates for the NCJ; in such a situation the public will not be able to know the real motives behind the NCJ’s decision. Interestingly, the new NCJ has voiced a negative opinion about making the lists of names in support of the candidates to the NCJ public on grounds that the judges, whose names are on these lists, may be met with repressions3. Apart from the absolute lack of transparency of the electoral procedure to the new NCJ, there are also other doubts as to the correctness of how it has been performed: - in the case of Maciej Nawacki, some of the judges who had recommended him withdrew their support before the candidature was submitted to the Speaker of the Sejm; Maciej Nawacki presented a list with 28 signatures from judges, a number of whom have, in the meantime, withdrawn their recommendation. It is, therefore, doubtful, whether in this situation the candidature was submitted correctly; - the claim that 90% of candidates received support in their court district is non-verifiable and has generated very serious doubts, if only in light of the resolutions of the organs of the self-governing bodies of judges (e.g. resolutions of judges of the Regional Court and Court of Appeals in Krakow about Paweł Styrna and Dagmara Pawełczyk-Woicka, in whose cases it was indicated that the two were not representatives of the community of judges4; as well as resolution of the Assembly of the Representatives of Judges of the Regional Court in Warsaw, which expressed 2 http://bip.warszawa.wsa.gov.pl/661/783/komunikat-w-sprawie-skargi-na-decyzje-szefa-kancelarii-sejmu-r p-odmawiajaca-udostepnienia-zalacznikow-do-zgloszen-kandydatow-na-czlonkow-krs.html 3 See opinion of the NCJ of 11.05.2018 r., No. WO 020-28/18, druk sejmowy nr 2355. 4 The last paragraph of the Resolution No. 1 of the Meeting of Judges of the Regional Court in Kraków, of 24 May 2018. no acceptance for the candidates to the NCJ, and in particular in reference to judges running for the position from the Warsaw region, i.e.