Journal of Biblical Literature VOLUME 122, No. 2 Summer 2003 “Until This Day” and the Preexilic Redaction of the Deuteronomistic History JEFFREY C. GEOGHEGAN 201–227 Who Was the Chronicler’s Audience? A Hint from His Genealogies YIGAL LEVIN 229–245 Purity beyond the Temple in the Second Temple Era JOHN C. POIRIER 247–265 The Fourteen Triads of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:21–7:12) GLEN H. STASSEN 267–308 Why Did Matthew Get the Shema Wrong? A Study of Matthew 22:37 PAUL FOSTER 309–333 Brotherly Love and the High Priest Christology of Hebrews PATRICK GRAY 335–350 What Was Doeg the Edomite’s Title? Textual Emendation versus a Comparative Approach to 1 Samuel 21:8 SHAWN ZELIG ASTER 351–359 Book Reviews 363 — Index 400 US ISSN 0021–9231 JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE (Constituent Member of the American Council of Learned Societies) EDITORS OF THE JOURNAL General Editor: GAIL R. O’DAY, Candler School of Theology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Book Review Editor: TODD C. PENNER, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090 EDITORIAL BOARD Term Expiring 2003: SUSAN ACKERMAN, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 MICHAEL L. BARRÉ, St. Mary’s Seminary & University, Baltimore, MD 21210 ATHALYA BRENNER, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, The Netherlands MARC BRETTLER, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254-9110 WARREN CARTER, St. Paul School of Theology, Kansas City, MO 64127 PAUL DUFF, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 BEVERLY R. GAVENTA, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, NJ 08542 JUDITH LIEU, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom KATHLEEN O’CONNOR, Columbia Theological Seminary, Decatur, GA 30031 C. L. SEOW, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, NJ 08542 VINCENT WIMBUSH, Union Theological Seminary, New York, NY 10027 2004: JANICE CAPEL ANDERSON, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 MOSHE BERNSTEIN, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033-3201 ROBERT KUGLER, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR 97219 BERNARD M. LEVINSON, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0125 THEODORE J. LEWIS, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 TIMOTHY LIM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH1 2LX Scotland STEPHEN PATTERSON, Eden Theological Seminary, St. Louis, MO 63119 ADELE REINHARTZ, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, OH N2L 3C5 Canada NAOMI A. STEINBERG, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614 SZE-KAR WAN, Andover Newton Theological School, Newton Centre, MA 92459 2005: BRIAN K. BLOUNT, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, NJ 08542 TERENCE L. DONALDSON, Wycliffe College, Toronto, ON M5S 1H7 Canada PAMELA EISENBAUM, Iliff School of Theology, Denver, CO 80210 STEVEN FRIESEN, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 A. KATHERINE GRIEB, Virginia Theological Seminary, Alexandria, VA 22304 JEFFREY KAH-JIN KUAN, Pacific School of Religion, Berkeley, CA 94709 RICHARD D. NELSON, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 DAVID L. PETERSEN, Candler School of Theology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 ALAN F. SEGAL, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 GREGORY E. STERLING, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 PATRICIA K. TULL, Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Louisville, KY 40205 Editorial Assistant: Susan E. Haddox, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 President of the Society: Eldon Jay Epp, Lexington, MA 02420; Vice President: David L. Petersen, Candler School of Theology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; Chair, Research and Publications Committee: James C. VanderKam, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; Executive Director: Kent H. Richards, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Suite 350, Atlanta, GA 30329. The Journal of Biblical Literature (ISSN 0021–9231) is published quarterly. The annual subscription price is US$35.00 for members and US$75.00 for nonmembers. Institutional rates are also available. For information regarding subscriptions and membership, contact: Society of Biblical Literature, P.O. Box 2243, Williston, VT 05495-2243. Phone: 877-725-3334 (toll free) or 802-864-6185. FAX: 802-864-7626. E-mail: [email protected]. For information concerning permission to quote, editorial and business matters, please see the Spring issue, p. 2. The JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE (ISSN 0021– 9231) is published quarterly by the Society of Bib- lical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Suite 350, Atlanta, GA 30329. Periodical postage paid at Atlanta, Geor- gia, and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Society of Biblical Literature, P.O. Box 2243, Williston, VT 05495-2243. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA JBL 122/2 (2003) 201–227 “UNTIL THIS DAY” AND THE PREEXILIC REDACTION OF THE DEUTERONOMISTIC HISTORY JEFFREY C. GEOGHEGAN [email protected] Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 Over a century ago Abraham Kuenen identified two distinct strata in the book of Kings.1 In one stratum, he observed that the phrase “until this day” both confirms realities no longer true after the exile and occurs in passages bound to the very structure of the book (2 Kgs 8:16–24; 14:1–7; 16:1–9)—a structure Kuenen attributed to a Deuteronomistic redactor (his Rd1).2 His analysis of other occurrences of “until this day” in Kings led him to conclude that they all derived from Rd1—a conclusion that was subsequently embraced by Julius Wellhausen, and, when combined with Martin Noth’s landmark study a half century later, helped lay the foundation for Frank Moore Cross’s theory of a dual redaction of the Deuteronomistic History (DH).3 Since Cross’s origi- nal studies, the theory of a dual redaction of the DH has had numerous defend- ers and now stands on firmer evidentiary ground.4 The purpose of this article is 1 Abraham Kuenen, Historisch-kritische Einleitung in die Bücher des alten Testaments (Leipzig: Otto Schulze, 1892; Dutch original, Leiden, 1861–65), 1:90–91. 2 Ibid., 1:91. 3 Julius Wellhausen, Die Composition des Hexateuchs und der historischen Bücher des alten Testaments (4th ed.; Berlin: de Gruyter, 1963; 1st ed., 1866), 298–99; Martin Noth, The Deuteronomistic History (JSOTSup 15; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1981; German original, Halle: Niemeyer, 1943); Frank Moore Cross, “The Structure of Deuteronomic History,” in Perspectives in Jewish Learning (Annual of the College of Jewish Studies 3; Chicago: College of Jewish Studies, 1968), 9–24; idem, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973), 274–89. 4 See, e.g., the early studies of R. E. Friedman (The Exile and Biblical Narrative [HSM 22; Decatur, GA: Scholars Press, 1981]) and R. D. Nelson (The Double Redaction of the Deuterono- mistic History [JSOTSup 18; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1981]). Cross’s theory of a double redaction of the DH, in general, and his proposal of a Josianic edition, in particular, have since found wide acceptance among scholars, although oftentimes with modifications. See, e.g., M. Cogan, “Israel in Exile—The View of a Josianic Historian,” JBL 97 (1978): 40–44; R. G. Boling, Joshua: A New 201 202 Journal of Biblical Literature not to retread this ground but to pick up where Kuenen left off in identifying the source of “until this day” not just for Kings but for the whole of the DH. Although the only study devoted solely to this phrase has argued that “until this day” derives from “many different redactors,”5 there are compelling reasons to assign this phrase to one redactor: the Deuteronomistic Historian (Dtr), who employed “until this day” as his own personal witness to geographical, political, and cultic realities mentioned in his sources that still existed at the time of his historical enterprise. Moreover, the evidence of “until this day” indicates that the Dtr was active during the reign of Josiah and that his preexilic history con- tained most of what we now have before us (as Cross originally argued). Finally, the Dtr’s use of “until this day” suggests that, when compiling the DH, he sought to represent the interests of both the Judean monarchy and the Levitical priesthood. Translation with Notes and Commentary, with introduction by G. E. Wright (AB 6; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1982); S. McKenzie, The Chronicler’s Use of the Deuteronomistic History (HSM 33; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1984); idem, The Trouble with Kings: The Composition of the Book of Kings in the Deuteronomistic History (VTSup 42; Leiden: Brill, 1991); M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (AB 11; Garden City, NY: Dou- bleday, 1988); G. N. Knoppers, Two Nations Under God: The Deuteronomistic History of Solomon and the Dual Monarchies (HSM 52, 53; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994); and A. F. Campbell and M. A. O’Brien, Unfolding the Deuteronomistic History (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2000). Cross’s original theory also has undergone more significant changes in recent years. Most notably, a number of scholars have argued for an earlier Hezekian history. See, e.g., B. Halpern, “Sacred History and Ideology: Chronicles’ Thematic Structure—Indications of an Earlier Source,” in The Creation of Sacred Literature: Composition and Redaction of the Biblical Text (ed. R. E. Friedman; Near East- ern Studies 22; Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981), 35–54; B. Halpern and D. S. Vanderhooft, “The Editions of Kings in the 7th–6th Centuries BCE,” HUCA 62 (1991): 179–244; and I. W. Provan, Hezekiah and the Books of Kings: A Contribution to the Debate about the Composition of the Deuteronomistic History (BZAW 172. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1988). Con- versely, both before and since Cross’s study, Noth’s theory of a unified DH has been revised by some scholars to include multiple exilic redactions. See, e.g., the work of the so-called Göttingen school: R. Smend, “Das Gesetz und die Völker: Ein Beitrag zur deuteronomistischen Redaktions- geschichte,” in Probleme biblischer Theologie (ed.