h IC0 Clftn f Mntl nd hvrl rdr nt rtr fr rrh Wrld lth Ornztn Gnv 1993 eie 1997 3 WO iay Caaoguig i uicaio aa e IC-1 cassiicaio o mea a eaioua isoes iagosic cieia o eseac 1 Mea isoes — cassiicaio Mea isoes — iagosis IS 9 1555 (M Cassiicaio WM 15 © Wo ea Ogaiaio 1993 A igs esee uicaios o e Wo ea Ogaiaio ca e oaie om Makeig a issemiaio Wo ea Ogaiaio Aeue Aia 111 Geea 7 Swiea (e +1 791 7; a +1 791 57; emai ookoeswoi equess o emissio o eouce o asae WO uicaios—wee o sae o o ocommecia isiuio—sou e aesse o uicaios a e aoe aess (a +1 791 ; emai emissios woi e esigaios emoye a e eseaio o e maeia i is uicaio o o imy e eessio o ay oiio wasoee o e a o e Seceaia o e Wo ea Ogaiaio coceig e ega saus o ay couy eioy ciy o aea o o is auoiies o coceig e eimiaio o is oies o ouaies e meio o seciic comaies o o seciic mauacues oucs oes o imy a ey ae eose o ecommee y e Wo ea Ogaiaio i eeece o oes o a simia aue a ae o meioe Eos a omissios ecee e ames o oieay oucs ae isi- guise y iiia caia ees e Wo ea Ogaiaio oes o waa a e iomaio coaie i is uicaio is comee a coec a sa o e iae o ay amages icue as a esu o is use ie i Swiea eie i Maa 93/91 — 9/1111 — 1 /19 — Iei — 1 Cntnt eace Ackowegemes oes o uses 1 IC-1 Cae ( a associae iagosic isumes 4 is o caegoies 5 iagosic cieia o eseac 7 Ae 1 oisioa cieia o seece isoes 173 Ae Cuue-seciic isoes 17 is o iiiua ees 19 is o ie ia cooiaig cees ie ia cees eoig o em a iesigaos 191 Ie 3 iii rf I e eay 19s e Mea ea ogamme o e Wo ea Ogaia- io (WO ecame aciey egage i a ogamme aimig o imoe e iagosis a cassiicaio o mea isoes A a ime WO coee a seies o meeigs o eiew kowege aciey ioig eeseaies o iee isciies aious scoos o oug i syciay a a as o e wo i e ogamme I simuae a couce eseac o cieia o cassiicaio a o eiaiiy o iagosis a ouce a omugae oceues o oi aig o ieoae ieiews a oe useu eseac meos umeous oosas o imoe e cassiicaio o mea isoes esue om e eesie cosuaio ocess a ese wee use i a- ig e Eig eisio o e Ieaioa Cassiicaio o iseases (IC- A gossay eiig eac caegoy o mea isoe i IC- was eeoe e ogamme aciiies aso esue i e esaisme o a ewok o iiiuas a cees wo coiue o wok o issues eae o e imoe- me o syciaic cassiicaio (1, 2). e 197s saw ue gow o iees i imoig syciaic cassiica- io wowie Easio o ieaioa coacs e ueakig o seea ieaioa coaoaie suies a e aaiaiiy o ew eames a coiue o is e Seea aioa syciaic oies ecouage e eeome o seciic cieia o cassiicaio i oe o imoe iagosic eiaiiy I aicua e Ameica syciaic Associaio eeoe a omugae is i eisio o e iagosic a Saisica Maua wic icooae oeaioa cieia io is cassiicaio sysem I 197 WO eee io a og-em coaoaie oec wi e Acoo ug Ause a Mea ea Amiisaio (AAMA i e USA aim- ig o aciiae ue imoemes i e cassiicaio a iagosis o mea isoes a acoo- a ug-eae oems (3). A seies o woksos oug ogee scieiss om a ume o iee syciaic aiios a cuues eiewe kowege i seciie aeas a eeoe ecommeaios o uue eseac A mao ieaioa coeece o cassiicaio a iagosis was e i Coeage emak i 19 o eiew e ecommeaios a emege om ese woksos a o ouie a eseac agea a guieies o uue wok (4). MEA A EAIOUA ISOES: IAGOSIC CIEIA Seea mao eseac eos wee ueake o imeme e ecomme- aios o e Coeage coeece Oe o em ioig cees i 17 couies a as is aim e eeome o e Comosie Ie- aioa iagosic Ieiew a isume suiae o coucig eiemioogica suies o mea isoes i geea ouaio gous i iee couies (S, 6). Aoe mao oec ocuse o eeoig a assessme isume suiae o use y ciicias (Sceues o Ciica Assessme i euosyciay (7 Si aoe suy was iiiae o eeo a isume o e assessme o esoaiy isoes i iee couies (e Ieaioa esoaiy isoe Eamiaio (8). I aiio seea eicos ae ee o ae eig eae o oie cea eiiios o ems (9 A muuay eeicia eaiosi eoe ewee ese oecs a e wok o eiiios o mea a eaioua isoes i e e eisio o e International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (IC-1 (10). Coeig iagosic cieia io iagosic agoims icooae i e assessme isumes was useu i ucoeig icosisecies amiguiies a oea a aowig ei emoa e wok o eiig e IC-1 aso ee o sae e assessme isu- mes e ia esu was a cea se o cieia o IC-1 a assessme isumes wic ca ouce aa ecessay o e cassiicaio o isoes accoig o e cieia icue i Cae ( o IC-1 e Coeage coeece aso ecommee a e iewois o e i- ee syciaic aiios e esee i uicaios esciig e oigis o e cassiicaio i e IC-1 is esue i seea mao uicaios icuig a oume a coais a seies o eseaios igigig e oigis o cassiicaio i coemoay syciay (11). Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines was e is o a seies o uicaios eeoe om Cae ( o IC-1 (12). a uicaio was e cumiaio o e eos o umeous eoe wo coiue o i oe may yeas e wok we oug seea mao as eac eae ae eesie cosuaio wi aes o ees aioa a ieaioa syci- aic socieies a iiiua cosuas e a i use i 197 was e asis o ie ias couce i some couies wic cosiue e ages ee eseac eo o is ye esige o imoe syciaic iagosis (13, 14). e esus o e ias wee use i iaiig e ciica guieies e e esee ee as aso ee eesiey ese (15). A is o e eseaces a ciicias ioe i 3 couies is gie a e e o e ook ogee wi a is o eoe wo ee i aig es o commee i EACE o em ue es i e seies wi icue a esio o use y geea ea cae wokes a muiaia eseaio o e cassiicaio a seies o "ascices" eaig i moe eai wi secia oems (eg e assessme a cassiicaio o mea eaaio a "cosswaks" — aowig coss-ee- ece ewee coesoig ems i IC-1 IC-9 a IC- (15, 16). Use o is uicaio is escie i e oes o Uses (age 1 Ae 1 oies suggesios o iagosic cieia a may e useu i eseac o seea coiios a o o aea as suc i e IC-1 (ece as ie ems e Ackowegemes secio is o aicua sigiicace sice i eas wiess o e ey may iiiua ees a isiuios wowie wo aciey aiciae i e oucio o e cassiicaio o mea a eaioua isoes a e aious es a accomay i A e mao aiios a scoos o syciay ae eesee giig is wok a uiquey ieaioa caace e cassiicaio o mea a eaioua isoes a e guieies o iagosis wee ouce a ese i may aguages; e auous ocess o esuig equiaece o asaios as esue i imoemes i e caiy simiciy a ogica sucue o e es i Egis a i oe aguages e es ase o e IC-1 cassiicaio o mea a eaioua is- oes a e cassiicaio ise ae us a ouc o coaoaio i e ue sese o e wo ewee may iiiuas a agecies i umeous cou- ies ey wee ouce i e oe a ey wi see as a sog suo o e wok o a wo ae cocee wi caig o e meay i a ei amiies wowie ue imoemes a simiicaios o e cassiicaio o mea is- oes sou ecome ossie as ou kowege iceases a eeiece wi e cue esio accumuaes e ask o coecig a igesig commes a esus o ess o e cassiicaio wi emai agey o e soues o e cees a coaoae wi WO i e eeome o e cassiicaio ese cees a ei cue iecos ae ise a e e o e Ackow- egemes secio i is oe a ey wi coiue o e ioe i e imoeme o e WO cassiicaios a associae maeias i e uue a o assis e Ogaiaio i is wok as geeousy as ey ae so a umeous uicaios ae aise om ie ia cees esciig esus o ei suies i coecio wi IC-1 A u is o ese uicaios a eis o e aices ca e oaie o eques om iisio o Mea ea Wo ea Ogaiaio 111 Geea 7 Swiea ii MEA A EAIOUA ISOES: IAGOSIC CIEIA A cassiicaio is a way o seeig e wo a a oi i ime ee is o ou a scieiic ogess a eeiece wi e use o ese eseac cieia wi equie ei eisio a uaig I oe a suc eisios wi e e ouc o e same coia a oucie wowie scieiic coaoa- io as a wic as ouce e cue e oma Saoius ieco iisio o Mea ea Wo ea Ogaiaio frn 1 Kame M e a e IC-9 cassiicaio o mea isoes a eiew o is eeome a coes Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 1979 59 1- 2.