Family: Orchidaceae Taxon: Spathoglottis unguiculata Synonym: Spathoglottis unguiculata Benth. & Hook. f. Common Name: Dark Purple Ground Orchid Limodorum unguiculatum Labill. Clawed Spathoglottis Spathoglottis deplanchei Rchb.f. Grapette Ground Orchid Spathoglottissc hinziana Krinzl. Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 3 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 5/3/2011 Spathoglottis unguiculata (Orchidaceae) Page 1 of 7 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 y 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score 3 Print Date: 5/3/2011 Spathoglottis unguiculata (Orchidaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 1982. Cribb, P.J./Tang, C.Z.. Spathoglottis [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence (Orchidaceae) in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Kew Bulletin. 36(4): 721-729. 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1982. Cribb, P.J./Tang, C.Z.. Spathoglottis [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s)? 2-high] "Distribution: New. (Orchidaceae) in Australia and the Pacific Caledonia & Vanuatu" Islands. Kew Bulletin. 36(4): 721-729. 202 1982. Cribb, P.J./Tang, C.Z.. Spathoglottis [Quality of climate match data? 2-high] "Distribution: New. Caledonia & Vanuatu" (Orchidaceae) in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Kew Bulletin. 36(4): 721-729. 203 1982. Cribb, P.J./Tang, C.Z.. Spathoglottis [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Habitat. In meadows or (Orchidaceae) in Australia and the Pacific along paths in woods and groves; c. 200 m altitude." Islands. Kew Bulletin. 36(4): 721-729. 204 1982. Cribb, P.J./Tang, C.Z.. Spathoglottis [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] (Orchidaceae) in Australia and the Pacific "Distribution: New. Caledonia & Vanuatu" Islands. Kew Bulletin. 36(4): 721-729. 205 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian range? No] "…a more recent introduction to Hawaii that quickly became popular Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop for its ease of cultivation., floriferousness, and compact inflorescences with Museum Press, Honolulu, HI colored bracts in addition to its flowers." 301 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islands Biodiversity [Naturalized beyond native range? No] "COOK ISLANDS STATUS: Introduced - Database, Version 2007.2.. Cook Islands Natural Recent, Not naturalised; Land, lowlands, gardens" Heritage Trust, Rarotonga http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org 301 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ Print Date: 5/3/2011 Spathoglottis unguiculata (Orchidaceae) Page 3 of 7 305 2010. Ackerman, J.D./Cuevas, A.A./Flores- [Congeneric weed? Yes] "Spathoglottis plicata 6… Saldaña, N.P./Zambrana-Torrelio, C.M.. There Background/Question/Methods One of the challenges of invasive species biology goes the neighborhood: Reproductive success of is knowing whether or not a naturalized species is invasive before dramatic Bletia patula when Spathoglottis plicata moves ecosystem changes occur. In Puerto Rico, the exotic orchid, Spathoglottis plicata, in. PS 66-14: The 95th ESA Annual Meeting, has naturalized and spread rapidly over the last two decades. It is abundant and August 1-6, 2010. ESA, Pittsburg occupies the same habitat as the native orchid, Bletia patula. The two are hosts to the same native florivorous weevil, Stethobaris polita, a specialist on orchid flowers. We ask whether high population densities of Spathoglottis plicata affect the reproductive success of Bletia patula by elevating the abundance of the weevil. We measured local densities of the orchids where the two species grow together and also where B. patula grows in absence of S. plicata. We measured female reproductive success of Bletia at all sites. We also monitored the abundance of weevils and the extent of floral damage they cause on Bletia patula. In addition, we experimentally tested in vitro whether weevils preferred one species to the other. Finally, we modeled the distribution of both orchid species to predict the extent to which the two species may interact. Results/Conclusions Preliminary data indicate the number of weevils per Bletia inflorescence tends to be higher where S. plicata is also present. These data also show a significantly higher flower and fruit production for B. patula where S. plicata is absent. The weevil choice experiments show that the beetles do not prefer flowers of one species to the other. The current distribution of the native Bletia patula is almost completely limited to the northern karst region of Puerto Rico whereas the naturalized S. plicata has established in nearly all moist to wet habitats of the island with a high frequency of populations in the same region as B. patula. The Spathoglottis is expected to occur wherever B. patula exists. Our data thus far suggest that Spathoglottis plicata is an invasive species. It negatively affects the reproductive success of the native orchid, Bletia patula, through an elevation in the frequency and abundance of the florivorous weevil." [impacts native orchid's reproductive success] 305 2010. Kew.org. Big words, simple [Congeneric weed? Yes] "Spathoglottis plicata is an alien orchid that is invading meanings…Invasive Plants. Montserrat native habitats. It is originally from Southeast Asia. Monitoring this http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/ann plant is essential to understand its impacts on native species." ex/montserrat_invasives.pdf 401 1982. Cribb, P.J./Tang, C.Z.. Spathoglottis [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No] "A terrestrial plant, Pseudobulbs ovoid, 4- (Orchidaceae) in Australia and the Pacific 6 cm tall, c. 25--3 cm diam. At the base. Leaves lanceolate, plicate, acuminate, Islands. Kew Bulletin. 36(4): 721-729. 40-60 x 2-2"5 cm, attenuate below into a petiole. Scape with four sheaths at intervals.