1889—90.] Dr Traquair on Fossil Dipnoi and Gcenoidei. 385 List of the Fossil Dipnoi and G-anoidei of Fife and the Lothians. By R. H. Traquair, M.D., P.R.S. (Bead July 21, 1890.) No district of Great Britain is so rich in genera and species of Carboniferous Dipnoi and Ganoidei as that of Fife and the Lothians, and in the frequency of entire specimens of these fishes it is only approached by North Staffordshire. Another feature of the greatest geological interest is the abund- ance of fish remains in estuarine strata below the horizon of the Millstone grit, whereby a means of comparing the Ganoid fish faunas of the Upper and Lower divisions of the Carboniferous for- mation is afforded. Lower Carboniferous Ganoids and Dipnoans occur, it is true, in the western part of the great central Scottish carboniferous area, and a very remarkable assemblage of fishes of that period was discovered not many years ago in the district of Eskdale and Liddesdale in the south. But in England and Ireland and in other parts of the world generally, the Lower Carboniferous fish remains known to us are mainly those of marine Selachii, so that an especial interest attaches to the Carboniferous fish-fauna of Scotland, and particularly to that of the district with which the present list has to deal. A list of the fossil fishes of the Edinburgh district, compiled by the late Mr Salter, is given in the Memoir of the Geological Survey, explanatory of Sheet 32 (Scotland), and published in 1861. Since the appearance of this Memoir, now nearly thirty years ago, no collective list of the fossil fishes of this part of the country has been drawn up, though the amount of material amassed by the labours of many collectors has enormously increased during those years. Among those who have contributed, by their work in the field, to an augmentation of the material for a new and expanded list of the fossil fishes of this district, I may mention, besides Messrs Bennie and Macconochie, collectors to the Geological Survey of Scotland, Mr W. Tait Kinnear, Mr W. Anderson, now of the Geo- logical Survey of New South Wales, Mr T. Stock, Mr James Kirkby, and the late Mr Robert "Walker of St Andrews; while I myself, during the past sixteen years, have been able to procure both for VOL. XVII. -'-Vy^t 2 B Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. University of Arizona, on 26 Apr 2017 at 18:47:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0370164600007057 386 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [BESS. the Museum of Science and Art and for my own collection, a very- considerable number of specimens from the localities round Edin- burgh. One result of this large increase of material is that a number of undoubtedly new species have to be chronicled. Another result is, that the increase of knowledge which this increase of material has brought with it, induces me to withdraw several species which I myself had previously named, but which I now must place among the synonyms. Where species have been otherwise rectified, I have not considered it necessary, in a list like this, to occupy space by giving the entire synonymy. As I hope to take up the cataloguing of the Selachii next session, the present list is restricted to the Dipnoi and Ganoidei, including the problematical Acanthodei, which ought perhaps, as in the opinion of many, to be rather considered as Elasmobranchs. The list itself cannot be supposed to be complete, but it will, it is to be hoped, be of a certain utility for a time. HORIZONS. The Upper Old Red Sandstone (TT.O.K.) cannot I think be asso- ciated with the Carboniferous rocks on account of its fish remains, which have a greater general resemblance to those of the Lower Old Red of the North of Scotland, in spite of the well-known uncon- formity which exists between the two sets of strata. In the Car- boniferous system two great divisions^Upper and Lower—may be adopted, and these again subdivided according to the plan in use by the Director-general and Officers of the Geological Survey. In this arrangement the Lower Carboniferous falls into two subdivisions, the Calciferous Sandstone Series (C.S.) extending up to the first Gilmerton Limestone, and the Carboniferous Limestone Series (C.L.) extending from the last-mentioned horizon to the Millstone Grit, or Rosslyn Sandstone. And in their turn the Upper Car- boniferous rocks fall likewise into two subdivisions—the Millstone Grit below, and the Coal Measures (CM.) above. I have given no contraction for the Millstone Grit, as I have seen no fish remains from this set of rocks in the East of Scotland. It is certainly worthy of note that in this list not one species is common to the Upper and Lower Divisions of the Carboniferous Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. University of Arizona, on 26 Apr 2017 at 18:47:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0370164600007057 1889-90.] Dr Traquair on Fossil Dipnoi and Ganoidei. 387 formation. So far as fish-life at least is concerned, there certainly occurred an important palaaontological break at the base of the Millstone Grit. And my friend Mr Kidston tells me that the same is true with regard to the plants. LIST. OEDEK DIPNOI. Family Ctenodontidm. 1. Phaneropleuron Ander- •.O.E. Dura Den. soni, Huxley. 2. Ctenodus interruptus, C.S. Pittenweem, Fife; West Barkas. Calder. C.L. Gilmerton, Loanhead; Kinghorn. 3. Ctenodus cristatus, Ag. CM. Dalkeith. 4. Ctenodus angustulus, Traq. C.L. Loanhead. 5. Sagenodus quinquecostatus, C.L. Gilmerton, Loanhead. Traq. Syn. Ctenodus obliquus, var. quinquecostatus,Traq. Hemictenodus quinque- costatus, Traq. Family Uronemidoe. 6. Uronemus lobatus, Ag. C.S. Burdiehonse. Syn. Phaneropleuron ele- gans, Traq. 7. Uronemus splendens, Traq. C.L. Loanhead ; Dry den. Syn. Ganopristodus splen- dens, Traq. ORDER GANOIDEI. ? Suborder ACANTHODEI. Family Acanthodidce. 8. Acanthodes sulcatus, Ag. C.S. Wardie; Burdiehouse; Oakbank;W. Calder; Straiton; S. Queens- ferry ; Pitcorthy, Fife; Ardross, &c. Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. University of Arizona, on 26 Apr 2017 at 18:47:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0370164600007057 388 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh, [SESS. 9. Acantb-odes "Wardi, Egert. CM. Edmonstone. „ sp. indet. C.L. Gilmerton, Loanhead. 10. Acanthodopsis Wardi, CM. Smeaton, near Dalkeith. Hancock & Atthey. Suborder PLACODERMI. Family Pterichthyidce. 11. Bothriolepis hydrophilus TJ.O.R. Dura Den; Drumdryan. Syn. Pterichthys hydro- philus, Ag.; Egert. Pamphractus hydro- philus, Ag. Pamphractus Ander- soni, Ag. Homothorax Fle- mingii, Ag. Suborder CROSSOPTBETGII. Family Holoptychiidae. 12. Holoptychius Flemingii, U.O.E. Dura Den. Ag. Syn. Holoptychius Ander- soni, Ag. Platygnathus Jame- soni, Ag. 13. Holoptychius nobilissimus, U.O.R. Dairsie; Drumdryan, Ag. Fife. Syn. Holoptychius Mur- chisoni, Ag. Oyrolepis giganteus, Ag- Family Rhizodontidas. 14. Bhizodus Hibberti {Ag.) CS. Wardie; Burdiehouse ; S. Syn. Megalichthys Hib- Queensferry; St An- berti, Ag., pars. drews; Straiton; Pit- Phyllolepis tenuissi- corthy. rnus, Ag. Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. University of Arizona, on 26 Apr 2017 at 18:47:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0370164600007057 1889-90.] Dr Traquair on Fossil Dipnoi and Ganoidei. 389 Syn. Holoptychius Hib- C.L. Gilmerton; Loanhead; berti, Ag., pars. The Moat; Penstone ; Rhizodus gracilis, Bo'ness: Lochgelly; M'Coy. Denhead. 15. Rhizodus ornatus, Traq. C.S. Burdiehouse; Straiton; Syn. Megalichthys Hib- Pittenweem; Pitcorthy. berti, Ag., pars. C.L. Gilmerton; Denhead. Holoptychius Hib- berti, Ag., pars. Rhizodus Hibberti, Traq., pars. 16. Archichthys sulcidens, CM. Smeaton. Hancock and Atthey. 17. Archichthys Portlocki(j4<7.) C.S. Pittenweem; Abden. Syn. Holoptychius Port- locki, Ag. 18. Strepsodus sauroides, CM. Edmonstone; Pirnie Col- (Binney). liery, Leven. Syn. Holoptychius saur- oides, Binney. 19. Strepsodus striatulus, Traq. C.L. Loanhead; Abden. 20. Strepsodus minor, Traq. C.S. Pitcorthy. 21. Rhizodopsis sauroides, CM. Smeaton : Edmonstone. (Williamson). Syn. Holoptychius saur- oides, Williamson. Rhizodus granulatus, Salter. 22. Rhizodopsis, sp. indet. C.L. Loanhead. Family Saurodipteridce. 23. Glyptopomus minor, Ag. TJ.O.R. Dura Den. 24. Glyptolsemus Kinnairdi, U.O.E. Dura Den. Huxley. Syn. Diplopterus Dalgleish- iensis, Anderson. 25. Megalichthys laticeps, C.S. Burdiehouse; Burnt- Traq. island. Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. University of Arizona, on 26 Apr 2017 at 18:47:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0370164600007057 390 Proceedings of Eoyal Society of Edinburgh. [SESS. 26. Megalichthys Isevis, Traq. C.S. Straiton. 27. „ Hibberti,.4<7. CM. Smeaton; Shawfair. ,, sp. indet. C.L. Gilmerton, Denhead. Family Ccelacanthidce. 28. Coelacanthus lepturus, Ag. CM. Smeaton. sp. C.L, Abden. Suborder ACIPENSEBOIDEI. Family Palceoniscidw. 29. Eloniehthys nemopterus, C.S. Wardie; Burdiehouse; S. Queensferry; Straiton; Syn. Arnblypterus nemo- Pumpherston; W. Cal- pterus, Ag. der; Broxburn; Jumper Amblypterus punctatus, Green; Burntisland; Ag. pars. Pitcorthy. Palmoniscus Rolnsoni, C.L. Gilmerton; Loanhead; Hibbert. Wallyford; Denhead. Palmoniscus striolatus, Eloniehthys intermedius, Traq. Eloniehthys ovatus, Traq. „ Dunsii, Traq. Eloniehthys tenuiser- ratus, Traq. 30. Bucklandi (Ag.) C.S. Burdiehouse; Wardie; Syn. Pygopterus BucTc- Straiton; S. Queens- landi, Ag. ferry; Burntisland. C.L. Loanhead. 31. pectinatus, Traq. C.S. W. Calder; Oakbank; Straiton. C.L. Loanhead; Gilmerton; Kingseat; Abden; Denhead. 32. multistriatus, Traq. C.L. Gilmerton; Loanhead. 33. striatus (Ag.) C.S. Wardie; Burdiehouse; Juniper Green; Strait- on; Pitcorthy.