Native Vote – Election Protection Project 2016 Election Report Indian Legal Clinic Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law Arizona State University March 6, 2018 ARIZONA NATIVE VOTE – ELECTION PROTECTION PROJECT 2016 FINAL REPORT INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 4 What is Arizona Native Vote – Election Protection Project? ............................................ 4 Project Framework ............................................................................................................... 4 2016 ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Volunteers .............................................................................................................................. 5 Project Partners ..................................................................................................................... 6 National Congress of American Indians .......................................................................... 6 Indian Legal Clinic .......................................................................................................... 6 Inter Tribal Council of Arizona ....................................................................................... 6 Native American Bar Association of Arizona .................................................................. 6 2016 Election Protection Plan .............................................................................................. 7 Election Day Data .................................................................................................................. 8 Incident Reports by Type .............................................................................................. 9 Provisional Ballots ............................................................................................................... 15 Voter Turnout ...................................................................................................................... 16 EARLY VOTING ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS ................................................................ 17 Barriers to Early Voting for Native Americans in Arizona ............................................ 17 The Right to Early Vote in Arizona ................................................................................... 18 Early Voting in Indian Country Data................................................................................ 18 EARLY VOTING DATA BY TRIBE ............................................................................... 19 Navajo Nation ............................................................................................................... 19 Hopi Tribe..................................................................................................................... 20 Havasupai Tribe ........................................................................................................... 21 Hualapai Indian Tribe ................................................................................................. 21 Fort Mojave Indian Tribe ........................................................................................... 21 Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe ................................................................................... 21 Yavapai Apache Nation ............................................................................................... 21 Tonto Apache Tribe ..................................................................................................... 22 White Mountain Apache Tribe ................................................................................... 22 San Carlos Apache Tribe ............................................................................................ 22 1 Colorado River Indian Tribe ...................................................................................... 23 Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation .................................................................................. 23 Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community ......................................................... 23 Tohono O’odham Nation ............................................................................................. 23 Pascua Yaqui Tribe...................................................................................................... 23 Quechan Tribe .............................................................................................................. 24 Cocopah Tribe .............................................................................................................. 24 Ak-Chin Indian Community ....................................................................................... 24 Gila River Indian Community .................................................................................... 24 TRIBAL IDENTIFICATION CARDS ..................................................................................... 25 SECTION 203 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT .................................................................. 30 Apache County ...................................................................................................................... 34 Navajo Nation Language Assistance ............................................................................. 35 Coconino County ................................................................................................................... 35 General Language Assistance ........................................................................................ 36 Hopi Language Assistance ............................................................................................. 36 Navajo Language Assistance ......................................................................................... 37 Yuma Language Assistance ........................................................................................... 37 Gila County ........................................................................................................................... 38 Apache Language Assistance ........................................................................................ 38 Graham County ..................................................................................................................... 39 Apache Language Assistance ........................................................................................ 39 Greenlee County .................................................................................................................... 40 La Paz County ....................................................................................................................... 40 Maricopa County ................................................................................................................... 40 Tohono O’Odham Language Assistance ....................................................................... 40 Mohave County ..................................................................................................................... 42 Yuma Language Assistance ........................................................................................... 42 Navajo County ....................................................................................................................... 42 Hopi Language Assistance ............................................................................................. 42 Navajo Language Assistance ......................................................................................... 43 Pima County .......................................................................................................................... 43 Tohono O’odham Language Assistance ........................................................................ 43 2 Yaqui Language Assistance ........................................................................................... 44 Pinal County .......................................................................................................................... 44 Tohono O’Odham Language Assistance ....................................................................... 44 Santa Cruz County ................................................................................................................. 45 Yavapai County ..................................................................................................................... 45 Yuma Language Assistance ........................................................................................... 46 Yuma County ........................................................................................................................ 46 Yuma Language Assistance ........................................................................................... 46 Summary of 203 language assistance .................................................................................... 47 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 49 Appendices APPENDIX I: Incident Reports APPENDIX II: Provisional Ballots APPENDIX III: Voter Turnout APPENDIX IV: Early Voting Locations by County APPENDIX V: County Survey 3 INTRODUCTION Native Americans did not have the right to vote in Arizona until 1948, when the Arizona Supreme Court overturned a long-standing ban excluding Native