www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 2 The Council of Clermont and its impact 1 OCR Creating an essay plan Below is a sample exam question. Using pages 19–24 of your textbook produce a plan for the question. CHoose four main points and provide three specific pieces of information to support eacH general point. Assess the reasons why Urban II made an appeal for a crusade to go to the east. General point Specific evidence Urban wanted to make a clear demonstration of the revival of papal power. Now, using your plan, write an introduction for the essay: HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 1 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 2 The Council of Clermont and its impact 2 OCR Support or challenge Below is a sample exam question that asks How far you agree with a specific statement. Below this is a series of general statements that are relevant to the question. Use pages 21–8 of your textbook to decide wHether eacH statement supports or cHallenges the main statement and tick the appropriate box. ‘Urban II’s main concern with calling the crusade was to enhance the reputation of the papacy.’ How far do you agree? Support Challenge There had been a Council at Piacenza in 1094. Urban II was committed to a programme of reform. Alexius I sent representatives to the Council of Piacenza. Urban II wanted to improve relations with Byzantium. There is little evidence to suggest that the Christians in the east were being badly treated. There were no appeals from Christians in the east for help. The death of Malik Shah created instability. Pilgrims found the journey to Jerusalem difficult. The capture of Jerusalem in 1073 by the Seljuk Turks and then the Fatimids in 1093 made little difference to Pilgrims. Having completed the table, write a paragrapH giving your view about How far Cecil owed His power and prominence to His own abilities. HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 2 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 2 The Council of Clermont and its impact 3 OCR Turning assertion into argument Below is a sample question and a series of assertions. An assertion or statement is an opinion wHicH is not supported by a reason. An argument is an assertion wHicH is supported or justified by a reason. Read the question and then add a justification to eacH of the statements to turn it into an argument: ‘The main aim of the First Crusade was the capture of Jerusalem.’ How far do you agree? The main aim of the First Crusade was the capture of Jerusalem because… However, it can be argued that the need to save the eastern cHurcH was a more important aim because… It can even be argued that the main purpose of the crusade was the spiritual benefits it would bring because… Despite these different views the most important purpose was… HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 3 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 2 The Council of Clermont and its impact 4 OCR Analysing how important Why did so many people answer Urban II’s call for a crusade? Complete the table below to Help you answer the question. Explain eacH factor by re-reading pages 33–7 of your textbook. Award a mark out of six for How important eacH factor was. Explain wHy you gave the mark. Reason Why it was important Mark out of six Explanation for explanation Poverty and the chance for a life in new lands The hope of gaining territory Plunder Younger sons who would not inherit land Family settlements HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 4 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 2 The Council of Clermont and its impact 5 OCR Support or challenge Below is a sample exam question that asks How far you agree with a specific statement. Below this is a series of general statements that are relevant to the question. Use pages 26– 38 of your textbook to decide wHether eacH statement supports or cHallenges the main statement and tick the appropriate box. ‘Economic motives were the most important reason why people went on the First Crusade.’ How far do you agree? Support Challenge Urban II speech at Clermont Volunteers would gain remission of their sins. The growing population in Europe led to food shortages and land hunger. Members of the knightly class saw the crusade as a way to gain territory. The crusade offered the poor an opportunity of a new life. Earlier crusades in Spain had made people rich. Younger sons had no estate to inherit. Going on a crusade was very expensive. Many crusaders had a strong religious faith. Having completed the table, write a paragrapH giving your view about How important economic motives were to people going on the First Crusade. HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 5 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 2 The Council of Clermont and its impact 6 OCR Assessing the individual Instructions: Some questions ask you to assess the success of a particular individual, leader or government for example. A good place to start is to identify wHat their aims were and then evaluate the level of their success. THose aims could form eacH of your paragrapHs in your essay too. Consider the question and, using pages 35–9 of your textbook, complete the table below. ‘The leaders of the First Crusade were experienced at fighting in the east.’ How far do you agree with this view? Aim Success/failure (Y/N) Why was he a success/failure in this? Adhemar, Bishop of Le Puy Count Raymond of Toulouse Godfrey of Bouillon Baldwin I of Boulogne Robert of Normandy Bohemond of Taranto Hugh of Vermandois Tancred of Hauteville Once you Have completed the table use the information to plan an answer to the question: How experienced in fighting in the east was the leadership of the First crusade? HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 6 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 3 The First Crusade (the People’s Crusade) 7 OCR Supporting an idea THere is mucH debate among Historians about wHy the People’s Crusade failed (see pages 45–7 of your textbook). Re-read the section and use the information to Help you complete the table below which addresses the key question: ‘The most important reason for the failure of the People’s Crusade was the leadership of Peter the Hermit.’ How far do you agree? Write your ideas out in bullet point form: The leadership of Peter the Hermit was the most There were other reasons… important reason… Complete the activity by colour coding wHat you think is the most to least important reasons: green for very, yellow for medium and red for minimal. Using your completed notes, write a summary answer, in up to four sentences, to the question. Summary answer: HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 7 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 3 The First Crusade (the People’s Crusade) 8 OCR Ranking factors Assess the reasons why the People’s Crusade failed. Rank the following factors in order of importance in the failure of the People’s Crusade: • THe figHters were inexperienced. • THere were a large number of non-combatants, including women and children. • THe People’s Crusade lacked discipline. • THe leadersHip of Peter the Hermit was poor and He lacked control. • THe People’s Crusade lacked a clear plan. • There were problems over supplies. • THe actions of the Hungarian king Had an impact. • Time was spent in attacks on Jews. Most important Least important Write a paragrapH below explaining your cHoice. HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 8 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 3 The First Crusade (the People’s Crusade) 9 OCR Success or failure? How effectively did Alexius I deal with the crusaders? Use the information on pages 50–54 of your textbook to complete the table of successes and failures. THere sHould be a minimum of three on eacH side. Successes Failures Example: Alexius I sent the People’s Crusade away from Constantinople so there was not a large, undisciplined force in the city. Using your completed table, write your own view about How effectively Alexius I dealt with the crusader armies. HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 9 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 3 The First Crusade (the People’s Crusade) 10 OCR Assessing the impact of an event The march to Jerusalem had a significant impact on the strength of the crusader forces. Using pages 52–9 of your textbook complete the table below to Help you assess the impact of the war. Factor Impact How serious was the impact? The march to Constantinople The Battle of Dorylaeum The siege of Antioch The capture of Antioch Once you Have completed the table use the information to plan an answer to the following question: ‘Assess the impact of the march to Jerusalem on the crusader forces.’ HODDER ACCESS TO HISTORY: The Crusades 1071–1204 © Hodder & Stoughton Limited 10 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ATH-Crusades WORKSHEET 3 The First Crusade (the People’s Crusade) 11 OCR Turning assertion into argument Below is a sample question and a series of assertions. An assertion or statement is an opinion wHicH is not supported by a reason. An argument is an assertion wHicH is supported or justified by a reason.