Naticmal Academy v of Sciences National1Research Council B NUCLEAR SCIENCE SERIES The Rctcliochemistry Of cobalt COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE L. F. CURTISS, Chuinnan ROBLEY D. EVANS, Wce Chuinnaq NationalBureau of Standamls MasaachuaettsInetituteof Technology J. A. DeJUREN, Secretury Weatlngbouae ElectricCorporation C. J. BORKOWSKI J.W. IRVINE, JR. Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory MassachusettsIuatituteof Technology ROBERT G. COCHRAN E. D. KLEMA Texas Agricultumland Mechanical NorthwesternUxdversity College W. WAYNE MEINKE UnIveral@ of Mlcbigan SAMUEL EPSTEIN CaliforniaInstituteof Technology J. J. NICKSON Memorial Hospit@; New York U. FANO NationalBureau of Standards ROBERT L. PLATZMAN Laboratoirede Cb.b.uiePhysique HERBERT GOLDSTEIN Nuclear Development Corporationof D. M. VAN PATTER America BartolResearch Foundation LIAISON MEMBERS PAUL C. AEBERSOLD CHARLES K. REED Atomic Energy Commission U. S. Air Force J. HOWARD McM.ILLEN WILLIAM E. WRIGHT NationalSclenoeFoundation OffIceofNaval Research SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY W. WAYNE MEINKE, Chairman HAROLD KKRBY Unlveral@ of Michtgan Mound Laboratory GREGORY R. CHOPPIN GEORGE LEDDICOTTE FloridaStateUnlveralty Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory GEORGE A. COWAN J_ULIAN NIELSEN Los Alamos ScientifloLaboratory Hanford Laboratories ARTHUR W. FAIRHALL ELLIS P, STELNBERG Unlversi@ [email protected] Argonne NationalLaboratory JEROME HUDIS PETER C. STEVENSON Brookbaven NationalLaboratory UniversityofCalifornia(Llvermore) EARL HYDE LEO YAFFE Universityof California(Berkeley) McGill University CONSULTANTS NATtiN 13ALLOU JAMES DeVOE Naval Uiologfcal Defenee Laboratory Universityof Michigan WILLIAM MARLOW NationalBureau of standards The Radiochemistry of cobalt L. C. BATE and G. W. LEDDICOTTE Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee InuanceDateISeptember1961 Subcommittee on Radiochemistry National Academy of Sciences —National Research Council Printedh USA. Price$1.00,Avdeble fromUieOfficeofTenlmlcal Servicei,DepartmentofCommerce,Waebiugton25,D.C. FOREWORD The Subcongnlttee on Radlochemlstry Is one of a number of subcommittees working under the Committee on Nuclear Science within the National Academy of Sciences - National Research council . Its members represent government, industrial, and university laboratories in the areas of nuclear chemistry end analytical chemistry, The Subcommittee has concerned Itself with tho,se areas of nuclear science which Involve the chemist, such as the collec- tion and dlstrlbutlon of radlochemlcal procedures, the estab- lishment of.specifications for radlochemically pure reagents, availability of cyclotron time for service irradiations, the place of radlochemistry in the undergraduate college program, etc . .. This series of monographs has grown out of the need for up-to-date compilations of radlochemlcal information and pro- cedures, The Subcommittee has endeavored to present a aerles which will be of mmclmum use to the working scientist and which contains the latest available information. Each mono- graph collects in one volume the pertinent information required for radlochemlcal work with an individual element or a group of closely related elements. An expert Im the radiochemlstry of the particular element has written the monograph, followlng a standard format developed by the Subcommittee. The Atomic Energy Commission has sponsored the printing of the series. The Subcommittee Is confident these publications wI1l be useful not only to the radlochemlst but also to the research worker in other fields such as physics, biochemistry or medicine who wishes to use radiochemical techniques to solve a specific problem. W. Wayne Meinke, Chairman Subcommittee on Rad,iochemlstry iii INTRODUCTION This volume which deals with the radlochemlstry or cobalt is one of a series of monographs,on radiochemlstry of the elements. Tflere Is Included a review of the nuclear and chemical “features of particular interest to the radlochemlst, a discussion of problems of dissolution of a ssmple and countlnK technlaues, and finally, a collection of radiochem~cal procedures–for the-element as found” In the literature. The series of monographs wII1 cover all elements for which radlochemlcal procedures are pertinent. Plans Include revlslon of the monograph pkrlodlcally as new techniques end procedures warrant . The reader Is therefore encouraged to call to the attention of the author eny publlahed or unpublished material on the radlochemlstry of cobalt which might be Included In a revised version of the monograph. iv CONTENTS I. General Rwiewa of the Inorgenlc and An~lcal Chemhtryo fcobalt . 1 II. The Radioactive Nuclide6 of Cobalt . 2 III.. The Chemistry of Cobalt .@ Its Application to the Radiochen&?try of the Cobalt %iionuclides . A. The General.Cheml.~tryof Cobalt . 1. Metallic Cobalt . 2 2. The Simple Cobalt Compuunds . , . 7 3. The Complex CcmpoundB of Cobalt . 7 4. The Organcmetalllc CompoundB of Cobalt . EL B. The Analytical Chemietry of Cobalt . I-1 1. Se~atione by Precipitation . 14 2. Sepamtions by Electrdeposltion . 18 3. Separatlonaby Solvent Extraction . 19 a. Ion Association System . 20 b, Chelate C4X0poundSyetema . 22 4. Separatlone by Chromatography . 25 With Inorganic A@orbentm . 25 :: With Organic Abaorbenta (Other than restiandp per).... 26 c. With Ion Exchange Reel.ne. ‘2’7 d. With Chelating Ion Exchange Realne . 29 e. With Paper and Similar Materials . 29 Iv. Dissolution of Samples Contaidng Radioactive Cobalt . 32 v. Safety Practices . 3$ VI. Counting Tecbnlquea for the =oactive Cobalt Isotopes . 33 VII . Collection of I&tailed %dlochemlcal Procedures for the Cobelt RadtonuclldeE. 35 ReferenceE . 79 v The Radiochemistry of cobalt L. C. BATE and G. W. LEDDICOTTE Oak Ridge National Laboratory* Oak Ridge, Tpmessee I. GENERAL REVIEWS OF THE INORGAMIC AND ANAIXTICAL CHEMISTRY OF COBALT 1. Ii.J. Wlllisme, ‘Analytical Chemidry of ,Cobalt,” Talanta ~, 88-104 (1958) . 2. B. S. Evans, “The Eete@natlon of Cobalt. A New Method of Volu- metric Determhation and a New l.kthodfor Ite Determination In Steel,” Analyst ~, 363 ‘(1937). 3. W. E. Harris and T. R. Sweet, “Determlnatlonof Cobalt in Cobalt- Nlckel Solutions,” ~. Chem. 26, 1648 (195k). 4. H. H. Willard and D. Hall, “The Se~ation and Detenslnation of Cobalt,“ J. Am. tic. ~, 2219-31, 2237-53 (1922). 5. G. Chariot and D. Bezier, Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Trans- lated by “R.C. Murray), p. 406 -41S!, J. Wiley and Sons, N. Y. (1957). 6. Centre D!Information Du Cobalt, hbalt Monogrq h, Brussels, Belgium (i*). ,, 7. Mellor, J. W., A ComQrehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical chemistry, vol. XIV, pp. 419-559, @nsman, Green ma ‘Jo.Ltd., Iandon, 1935. 8. Gu@ins H.andbuchder Anorgahischen Chemle, System No. 58, Kobalt,” %h Ed,, Part A. Verlag Chemie G.m.b.H., Berlin, 1932. 9. Sidgwick, N. V., The Chemical Elements and Their Compound.e,vol. 11, pp..1375-1425, oxford PresH, London (19X), 10. Hillebrmd, W. F., Lundell, G. E. F., Brieht, H. A., =d Hof~, J. I., Applied ~,rqanic ARZl@iB, 2nd M., PP. 417-424, J. Wiley and Sons,’New York (1953). 11. Scott’s St&ndard Methods of Cheticd Amlj=&., Vol. 1, N. H. Funmn, cd., Fifth edition (Vsn Nostrand, Vew York, “1939)PP, ~5-330. *Operated by Union Carbide Nuclea Company for the U. S. Atomic Enerw Commission. 1 ~. ReIw, H., Treatise o.nAnalytical Chemistq , VOI. II,”p. 2w-306, ~gevier~ Ameterdem, 1956. 13. Klelnberg, J., tigerainger, W. J., Jr., and Griswold, E., kor~lc Chemistry, Heath, I?aslmn,lg60. II. - RADIOMX17JE NOCI.LDESOF COEALT The rwiioactive nuclldes of cobalt which are of interest to the radio- chendst are given h Table I. This table has been coqpiled from hforma- (2) tion appearing in reports by Strominger, et d.,‘1) and by Hughes and Schwartz. Table I. Tue Radioactive Nuclides of Cobalt Radio- EnerW of Hadlation, nucllde Hali’-Idfe @v Produced By C054 0.18 sec >7.4 Fe-p-n ~55 ‘ 18.2 hrS P+: 1.5 Fe-d-n, Ni-7-p2n 7: 0.477,0.935,1.41 Fe-p-y co56 72 daY 7: 0.845,1.26,1.I’h Fe-d-2n, Fe-u-rip 2.01,2.55,3.25 co-p-p%, Ni-d-ci Ni-7-Pn qo day P+:0.26 Fe-d-n: Fe-p-y 7: o.u9,0.131 9.2 b co58 72 dELY P+:0.47 Mu-&n, Fe-d-n 7: 0.81 Fe58-p-n, Fe-p-n, 1.62 Fe-wnp, Fe-p-7, O.~1 (wimB+) Cu-p-pn, Iii-n-p ~omnl 10.1 lulll B-: 1.% Co-n-y, Co-d-p ~: 0“.059 Ni-n-p 60 co 5.3 Y p-: 0.306 Co-d-p,”Co-n-y 7: 1.33,1.17 Ni-d-% Cu-n-a C061 gg-. P-: 1.42,1,00 NIZpp:::%::CO-U-2P, c -t-p cu-7-2p, Cu-y-a 13.9 Jluln p7: 1.3 Ni&-n-p 1.6 EIJI 7 Ni&-n-p, Ni&-d-a -5 min Ni~-n-p z (1) The decay 6chemes for the ptincipal radionuclldes of cobalt are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. ~C13y Schaies of the Cobalt Radionuclldea co% (=d] p+,~ w. 2.93 2.&1 2.09 0.845 w< * o IL, .< w Fe56 ~060m 0.059 ,5.,) ->>.161 o— 2.158 J i 1.333 ~i60 o w U 62 co (14 m) 2,34 2.304 J. 2.047 I.172 J o 3 III. TEE CHEMISTRY OF COBALT AND ITS APPLICATION TO TEE RADIOCIEMISTRY OF TEZ COBALT RADIONUCLIDES Ftadioch&#my is probably be6t desctibed as being an analysis tech- nique used p~ly either (1) to a6slst in obtiinlng a pure rsdionuclide in some form so that an absolute measurement of its radioactivity,rdia- tion energies, and half-life can be We, or (2) to determine the anmunt of radioactivity of a particular radioelement in a radionuclidemixture, or (3) to complete a radioactimtlon smalysis being used to determine the concentratlcm of a specific stable element in a particular sample material. In order to be an aid In accomplishing.@ one of the abwe Iuterests, ?alLochemistryusually considers the Isolation of the desired radionuclide by either carrier or camier-fn?e ee~=tlon methds. Genemlly, wmrler methods are used most frequently in radlochemlstry. They tivolve the addltlon of a small aumunt of Inactive stable element to a solution of the irradiated matefial to serve as a carrier of the radio- nuclide of that element through the separationmethod.