Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist., Ser. A, 17: 3–13, March 31, 2019 Phylogeny and evolutionary history of mawsoniid coelacanths which is known mostly by isolated remains, on the basis of Axelrodichthys megadromos. This species was recently considered as comparatively low compared to other clades than 10 (1). [character 9 in FOREY (1998).] 25. Infraorbital sensory canal: running through centre of (2017) for details.] American continental occurrences are weak implying that abundant than latimeriids. The phylogeny and the evolutionary southeastern Brazil. Geological Society, London, Special CUPELLO, C., MEUNIER, F. J., HERBIN, M., JANVIER, P., LÓPEZ-ARBARELLO, A., RAUHUT, O. W. M. and MOSER, K. 2008. ovoviviparity. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58: 175–193. transformation) Node 15 → Node 14 ⇒ 1 CARVALHO and MAISEY (2008), CARVALHO et al. (2013), CUPELLO recognized in the Late Cretaceous of Southern France (CAVIN (SCHAEFFER, 1952; CLOUTIER, 1991; FOREY, 1998; SCHULTZE, 7. Supratemporal descending process: absent (0); present (1). postorbital (0); running at the anterior margin of the 47. Ventral swelling of the palatoquadrate: absent (0); present Parnaibaia and the indeterminate mawsoniid from Uruguay history of mawsoniids proposed here are still weakly supported Publications, 295: 109–144. CLÉMENT, G. and BRITO, P. M. 2017. The homology and Jurassic fishes of Gondwana. Revista de la Asociacion WENZ, S. 1975. Un nouveau coelacanthidé du Crétacé inférieur Node 24 → Node 23 1 (Posterior margin of supraorbital 1 and the posterior Node 19 → Node 18 et al. (2016) and on personal observations by PB and CC. et al., 2005, 2016). The scoring of this taxon rests on these 2004; FRIEDMAN and COATES, 2006; CAVIN and GUINOT, [character 14 in FOREY (1998).] postorbital (1). [character 45 in FOREY (1998).] (1). [character 110 in DUTEL ., 2012.] may well be Late Jurassic in age (YABUMOTO, 2008, SOTO and should be regarded as working hypotheses for future CARVALHO, M. S. S., GALLO, V. and SANTOS, H. R. S. 2013. function of the lung plates in extant and fossil coelacanths. Geologica Argentina, 63: 586–612. du Niger, remarques sur la fusion des os dermiques. In: 3 (median rostral): 0.333, 1 0; 6 (Number of parietal): 0.667, 2 1; 34 (Dentary): 0.333, 0 1 5 (Anterior and posterior pairs of parietals): 0.500, 0 1 2 3 4 5,6 et al et → → → → Lionel CAVIN , Camila CUPELLO , Yoshitaka YABUMOTO , Léo FRAGOSO , Uthumporn DEESRI and Mawsonia brasiliensis. MAISEY (1986, 1991a) described publications plus personal observations by LC. 2014). Moreover, it has been suggested that intraspecific 8. Extrascapulars: sutured with postparietals (0); free (1). 26. Jugal sensory canal: simple (0); with prominent branches 48. Lachrymojugal: curved in its mid-region (0); straight in its al., 2012). works. These should focus on better definition of characters New species of coelacanth fish from the Lower Cretaceous Scientific Reports, 7(1): 9244. MAISEY, J. G. 1986. Coelacanths from the Lower Cretaceous Colloque international CNRS, Problèmes actuels de supraorbitals/tectals): 0.500, 1 ⇒ 0; 7 (Supratemporal Node 14 → Mawsonia gigas 2; 47 (Ventral swelling of the palatoquadrate): 0.333, 0 Paulo M. BRITO2 mawsoniid material from the Albian Santana Formation that he Trachymetopon liassicum. A species originally described polymorphism is high in mawsoniid species. A study of a large [character 15 in FOREY (1998).] (1). [character 46 in FOREY (1998).] mid-region (1). [New character. In some mawsoniids, the Mawsonia and Axelrodichthys were for a long time and, still more importantly, on the discovery of more material. (Albian) of the Grajaú Basin, NE Brazil. Cretaceous CUPELLO, C., CLÉMENT, G., MEUNIER, F. J., HERBIN, M., of Brazil. American Museum Novitates, 2866: 1–30. paléontologie-évolution des vertébrés. vol. 218, Centre descending process): 1.000, 1 ⇒ 0; 11 (Anterior branches 18 (Preoperculum): 0.500, 1⇒ 0 ⇒ 1 referred to M. cf. gigas. In 2002, YABUMOTO studied a new by HENNIG (1951) from the Lower Toarcian of Ohmden, sample of individuals from a single population of M. gigas 9. Extrascapulars: behind level of neurocranium (0); forming 27. Jugal canal: running through centre of bone (0); running lachrymojugal is elongated and straight, the orbit being regarded as sister taxa. The present phylogenetic analysis Mawsoniids constituted a major component in some Research, 46: 80–89. YABUMOTO, Y. and BRITO, P. M. 2019. The long-time MAISEY, J. G. 1991a. Mawsonia WOODWARD, 1907. In: MAISEY, national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, pp. 175–190. of supratemporal commissure): 0.500, 1 ⇒ 0; 19 Node 14 → Mawsonia tegamensis Node 18 → Axelrodichthys araripensis 1 complete specimen from the same formation that he attributed Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, and redescribed by DUTEL et from the Sanfranciscana Basin (Southeastern Brazil) suggested part of the skull roof (1). [character 16 in FOREY (1998).] along the ventral margin of the squamosal (1). [character 47 placed at the anterior curvature.] confirms this close relationship, as well as it makes clear Cretaceous ecosystem, and their remains are in some localities CARDOSO, A. R., NOGUEIRA, A. C. R., ABRANTES, F. R. and adaptation of coelacanths to moderate deep water: J. G. (ed.), Santana Fossils. An Illustated Atlas. T.F.H. WENZ, S. 1980. A propos du genre Mawsonia, Coelacanthe (Preoperculum): 1.000, 1 0; 20 (Postorbital): 1.000, 1 31 (Dentary): 0.500, 2 0 31 (Dentary): 0.500, 2 1 Section of Earth Sciences, Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, CP 6434, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland, Email: ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ [email protected] to a new species, Mawsonia brasiliensis, to which he referred al. (2015), who confirmed its affinities with the mawsoniids that some of the osteological variations previously proposed to 10. Number of free extrascapulars: more than three (0); three in FOREY (1998).] 49. Supraorbitals in the mid-length of the ethmosphenoid characters that define both genera. However, both genera very abundant. Some mawsoniids were characterized by their RABELO, C. E. N. 2017. Mesozoic lacustrine system in the reviewing the evidences. Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum Publications, Inc., Neptun City, pp. 317–323. géant du Crétacé inférieur d'Afrique et du Brésil. Mémoire ⇒ 0; 24 (Infraorbital canal within the postorbital): 0.500, Node 15 → Mawsonia braziliensis Node 18 → Lualabaea lerichei 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, R. São Francisco Xavier, the material previously described by MAISEY (1986). The previously noticed by FOREY (1998). The genus was also discriminate genera and species of mawsoniids, such as pattern (1); two (2). [Modified from character 17 in FOREY (1998). 28. Ornaments upon cheek bones: absent (0); tubercular (1); portion: significantly narrower that the parietal (0); belong to a polytomy with Trachymetopon and ‘Mawsonia’ huge size (Mawsonia gigas, ‘M.’ lavocati, Trachymetopon) Parnaíba Basin, northeastern Brazil: Paleogeographic of Natural History and Human History Series A, Natural MAISEY, J. G. 1991b. Axelrodichthys MAISEY, 1986. In: MAISEY, de la Société Géologique de France, N. S., 139: 187–190. 1 → 0; 32 (Oral pit line): 1.000, 1 → 0; 33 (Subopercular 3 (median rostral): 0.333, 0 → 1; 5 (Anterior and 53 (ratio L/W ethmosphenoid skull roof): 0.500, 1 ⇒ 0 524-Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil information about this species used in this study come from recovered in the Late Jurassic of France (DUTEL et al., 2014). of ornamentation, position of the otic canal and arrangement of FOREY assumed that in most coelacanths, the lateralmost represented as coarse superficial rugosity (2). [character 49 approximately as broad as the parietal (1). [New character. lavocati. The latter, which was included in Axelrodichthys by and some aspects of their life history should still be explored, implications for west Gondwana. Journal of South History, 17: 29–35. J. G. (ed.), Santana Fossils. An Illustrated Atlas. T.F.H. WENZ, S. 1981. Un coelacanthe géant, Mawsonia lavocati branch of the mandibular sensory canal): 1.000, 1 ⇒ 0; posterior pairs of parietals): 0.500, 0 → 2 Node 19 → Axelrodichthys megadromos 3 Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, 2-4-1 Higashida, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu 805-0071, MAISEY (1986), YABUMOTO (2002), FRAGOSO et al. (2018) and Lualabaea lerichei. This species was described by the anterior apophyses of the postparietal shield, are variable extrascapular has 'fused' with the supratemporal, and in FOREY (1998).] This feature was pointed out by WENZ (1981).] FRAGOSO et al. (2018), based on some morphological similarities such as their diet and their potential ability for air-breathing American Earth Sciences, 74: 41–53. DEESRI, U., CAVIN, L., AMIOT, R., BARDET, N., BUFFETAUT, E., Publications, Inc., Neptun City, 303–314. Tabaste, de l'Albien-base du Cénomanien du sud marocain. 38 (Temporal excavation): 1.000, 0 → 1; 41 (Ossified Node 16 → 'Axelrodichthys lavocati' 31 (Dentary): 0.500, 2 ⇒ 0 Japan on personal observations by YY, PB and CC. SAINT-SEINE (1955) from the Late Jurassic of the Lualaba and should be used with caution as diagnostic characters therefore counted the compound ossification when numbering 29. Infraorbital, jugal and preopercular sensory canals: opening 50. Outline of the skull roof of the ethmo-sphenoid portion in (e.g. curved parietonasal; three pairs of nasals; fine ornamentation (CUPELLO et al., 2019). Although the lack or scarcity of CASIER, E. 1961. Matériaux pour la Faune Ichthyologique CUNY, G., GINER, S., MARTIN, J. E. and SUAN, G. 2018. A MIGUEL, R., GALLO, V. and MORRONE, J. J. 2014. Distributional Annales de Paléontologie (Vertébrés), 67: 1–20. ribs): 1.000, 0 ⇒ 1; 42 (Fin rays in D1): 1.000, 2 ⇒ 1; 47 5 (Anterior and posterior pairs of parietals): 0.500, 0 ⇒ Node 22 → Parnaibaia maranhaoensis 4 Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Axelrodichthys araripensis. This species was originally Series, Democratic Republic of the Congo. FOREY (1998) and (CARVALHO and MAISEY, 2008). Keeping this caution in mind, the number of extrascapulars.