ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 1996 Band/Volume: 5 Autor(en)/Author(s): Örstadius Leif, Huhtinen Seppo Artikel/Article: The psathyrelloid taxa described by P. A. Karsten. 131-148 Österr. Z. Pilzk. 5 (1996)©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 131 The psathyrelloid taxa described by P. A. Karsten l e if Ö r s t a d iu s Lyckans Väg 39 A S-29143 Kristianstad, Sweden SEPPO HUHT[NEN Herbarium University o f Turku FIN-20014 Turku, Finland Received May 9, 1996 Key words: Psalhyrella, P A. KARSTEN, type studies, taxonomy. - Finland. Abstract: Original material o f taxa described by P. A. KARSTEN supposed belonging to the present day concept o f Psathyrella (Agaricales ) was studied from Helsinki (H). Two new combinations are proposed: Psalhyrella solitaria and Psathyrella tenuicula. The former offers an earlier name for P. rannochii and the latter for P. minima and P. berolinense. Stropharia caput-medusae var. alba is a synonym of Psathyrella caput-medusae. Psilocybe gilletii is Hypholoma elongalum. Psathyra pallens and Psathyrella subatomata are shown to be synonyms of Psathyrella corrugis. A study o f the type of material o f P squamifera confirmed the synonymy to P. microrhiza. The name Psathyrella artemisiae has eironeously been used for P. squamosa. The vague protologue and scanty type material offered no solid interpretation for Psathyra staminoides. Hypholoma subpapillatum is a synonym o f Psathyrella piluliförmis. Psathyrella subrosea is a synonym o f P. microrhiza. The two syntypes of Psathyra obtusata var. subumbrina contain three taxa one o f which is an unknown European species o f Psathyrella. Psilocybe tuberosa is shown to be a synonym o f Psalhyrella candolleana. Original material was not found for Psathyra cernua var. albicans, Psathyrella subatrata subsp. diminuta, Psathyra ombrophila, P subnuda and Hypholoma sublentum. The typification o f most o f the taxa is clarified. Zusammenfassung: Aus dem Herbarium in Helsinki (H) wurde Originalmaterial jener von P A. KARSTEN beschriebenen Taxa untersucht, die vermutlich in das heutige Gattungskonzept von Psathyrella (Agaricales ) passen. Zwei Neukombinationen werden vorgeschlagen:Psathyrella solitaria und Psathyrella tenuicula. Erstere ist ein früherer Name für P. rannochii und letztere flir P. minima und P berolinense. Stropharia caput-medusae var. alba ist ein Synonym von Psathyrella caput- medusae. Psilocybe gilletii ist Hypholoma elongatum. Psathyra pallens und Psathyrella subatomata sind Synonyme von Psalhyrella corrugis. Die Untersuchung des Typusmaterials von P. squamifera bestätigte die Synonymie zu P. microrhiza. Der Name Psathyrella artemisiae wurde falsch angewandt für P squamosa. Der vage Protolog und das karge Typusmaterial boten keine sichere Interpretation für Psathyra staminoides. Hypholoma subpapillatum ist ein Synonym von Psathyrella piluliförmis. Psathyrella subrosea ist ein Synonym von P. microrhiza. Die zwei Syntypen von Psathyra obtusata var. subumbrina enthalten drei Taxa, wovon eines eine unbekannte europäischePsathyrella- Art ist. Psilocybe tuberosa ist ein Synonym von Psathyrella candolleana. Von Psathyra cernua var. albicans, Psathyrella subatrata subsp. diminuta, Psathyra ombrophila, P. subnuda und Hypholoma sublentum wurde kein Typusmaterial gefunden. Die Typifizierung der meisten Arten wird geklärt. P A. Karsten placed psathyrelloid agarics in the following genera: Psathyra, Psa­ thyrella, Hypholoma, Pannucia, Psilocybe and Stropharia. Today, the taxa have been joined in the single genus Psathyrella (SINGER 1951). KARSTEN's psathyrelloid taxa have largely been neglected by later workers. This is partly due to the fact, that many of 132 L.©Österreichische ÖRSTADIUS Mykologische & S. HUHTINEN: Gesellschaft, Austria,The psathyrelloid download unter www.biologiezentrum.at taxa described by P A. KARSTEN the type specimens were "hidden" under aliases in his herbarium (in H). Taxonomy, nomenclature and typification of the taxa is now clarified. In contrast to most treatments ofK a r s t e n 's taxa, the reader will not find many holotype specimens cited. KARSTEN very seldom used definite words in his protologue such as "semel" or "unica vice lecta" Only when the protologue cites one element this can be taken as holotype. A great majority ofK a r s t e n 's specimen citations are too vague to include only one element. Therefore, even if only one specimen with matching annotations exists in H, it is to be taken as syntype, not holotype. Such specimens are here selected as lectotypes. Stropharia caput-medusae var.alba Stropharia caput-medusae Fr . var. alba P KARST Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk 37' 233. 1882. - Stropharia alba (P Karst .) P Karst Hedwigia 32: 59. 1883. - Lecto- type: Finland: Etelä-Häme. Tammela, Saloistenjärvi, on decayed wood ofBetula , 10. 1881 Karsten , P A. (H 4494, examined) - selected here. = Psathyrella caput-medusae (F r .) Ko n r . & M a u b l . This variety was also published in "Symbolae" the same year (K a r s t e n 1882 b). In this treatment Ka r s t e n refers to the other one with "Hattsv " His intention of the place of publication is thus obvious. As it is not known which of the two papers ap- peared first in 1882, K a r s t e n 's intention is followed here. The two diagnoses are al­ most identical, only the citation of material differs. In "Hattsvampar"(K a r s t e n 1882 a) the material is cited from Mustiala and the ecology is given as "decayed wood of Betula" In "Symbolae" there is no reference to material. The ecology is given as "caespitose" The placement at the species level was proposed by K a r s t e n first in Hedwigia (K a r s t e n 1893 a, as "species est propria"). This rank change was cited in anew the same year (K a r s t e n 1893 b) with the correct page reference to Hedwigia. The protologue cites collection locality as "Mustiala", whereas specimen no. 4494 was collected from Saloistenjärvi. This locality is often cited byK a r s t e n as "Salois" in various protologues. The specimen is, however, cited type material. It has spore annotations by KARSTEN matching exactly those in the original diagnosis. Furthermore. Ka r s t e n published the variety in a treatment of Fennoscandian fungi where localities around Mustiala were all cited only as "Mustiala" The more accurate locality citations are used in K a r s t e n 's smaller papers. The microscopical examination of no. 4494 gave the following result: Spores 9- 10.5 x 4.5-5.5 (im, mean-value 9.8 x 5.0 (im, elliptical, fusiform, in profile flattened on one side, amygdaliform, germ-pore absent, wall thick, apiculus prominent, in water red (MUNSELL 2,5 YR 5/8). Basidia 18-28 x 8-9 (im, 4-spored seen. Pleurocystidia 40-65 x 14-18 (im, utriform, clavate, few, walls yellow pigmented. Cheilocystidia 45-60 x 10- 18 (im, similar in shape to pleurocystidia or sometimes mucronate extended at apex. Pileipellis of subglobose to elliptical cells, 15-40 wide. Veil cells 40-130 x 6-22 (im, cylindrical-inflated. Clamps numerous. The description in the protologue and the result of the microscopical examination agree with the modern concept of Psathyrella caput-medusae (e.g., KITS VAN W a v e r e n 1985). There is no reason to distinguish the taxon"alba" ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 5 (1996) 133 Figs. 1-2. Type specimens o f Psathyrella. - Fig. 1. Psathyra pal/ens, Herb. KARSTEN 4230. A basidia, B spores, C dry fruitbody, D pleurocystidia, E cheilocystidia. - Fig. 2. Psathyra solitaria, Herb. KAR­ STEN 4229. A cheilocystidia, B spores, C pleurocystidia. - Bar: 50 |.im, for fruitbody 1 cm. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 134 L. ÖRSTADIUS & S. HUHTINEN: The psathyrelloid taxa described by P A. KARSTEN Psathyra cernua var.albicans Psathyra cernua (V a h l ) F r . var. albicans P Ka r s t ., Bidr Kann. Finl. Nat. Folk 32: 507 1879. - Type: not existent. The original description is too short to give an interpretation: "Cap sulcate and rugose, when young white, at maturity argillaceous, hardly hygrophanous. Soil, wood, rare. Scandinavia (Upsala)" Psathyrella subatrata subsp. diminuta Psathyrella subatrata Fr. subsp. diminuta P KARST Bidr. Kann. Finl. Nat. Folk 32: 521. 1879.-Type: not existent. The protologue is too vague to give an interpretation: "Cap slightly umbonate, when moist fuliginous with a tinge of olive green; stem about 3 cm long; lamellae ven- tricose, 4 mm broad. Manured, grassed places, Scandinavia (Smäland)" Psilocybe gilletii Psilocybe gilletii P K a r s t ., Medd. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 5: 32. 1879 - Lectotype: Finland: Etelä-Häme. Tammela, Haarankorpi, in a moist site along a path, 28. 09. 1878, Ka r s t e n , P A. (H 1522, examined) - selected here. = Hypholoma elongatum (P e r s .. F r .) Ric k e n K a r s t e n published the species on two occasions in 1879 ln the treatment in "Symbolae" (KARSTEN 1879 a), however, the species is introduced with a "n. sp." added, whereas in "Hattsvampar" (K a r s t e n 1879 b) this expression is lacking. Hence, the obvious place of publication is "Symbolae" The date in no. 1522 differs with one day from the date mentioned in the protologue. The annotations on spore characteris- tics on the convolute are a perfect match to those in the diagnosis. Judging from other specimens in H, Ka r s t e n seems to have collected at Haarankorpi only during 28th of September, not on the 29th. Specimen no. 1522 is thus not to be considered as neotype.