HACQUETIA 12/2 • 2013, 55–94 DOI: 10.2478/HACQ-2013-0007 SUPPLEMENTS TO THE ATLAS OF BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) OF SLOVENIA Tatjana ČELIK1 Abstract The Atlas of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 2012) treats 179 butterfly spe- cies whose occurrence in Slovenia is confirmed, and 24 species for which only unconfirmed data exist. By the end of 2011, 212.936 distribution records by 167 contributing authors were collected for the Atlas. The Digital database of butterflies of the Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slove- nian Academy of Sciences and Arts was not considered in the process of collecting the data for the Atlas. This database contains 30.630 distribution records for butterfly species found in Slovenia from research projects undertaken by the Institute from 1995 to date. Given that this rich data source was not included in the Atlas, I here provide a supplement to the existing Atlas, reporting 1529 new records for 140 butterfly species. These updates provide new areas or range limits for 14 species, the presence of 71 species in areas the Atlas desig- nated as “white spots”, new information on 3 species with very limited distribution in Slovenia, and additional corroboration for distribution of 27 species that the Atlas covered. Key words: butterflies, distribution, Slovenia, Atlas. Izvleček Atlas dnevnih metuljev (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Slovenije (Verovnik et al. 2012) obravnava 179 vrst, kate- rih prisotnost v Sloveniji je potrjena, in 24 vrst, za katere obstajajo le nepotrjene navedbe o najdbah na oze- mlju Slovenije. Do konca leta 2011 je bilo za Atlas zbranih 212.936 podatkov, ki jih je prispevalo 167 avtorjev. Pri zbiranju podatkov za Atlas ni bila upoštevana Digitalna podatkovna zbirka dnevnih metuljev Biološkega inštituta Jovana Hadžija Znanstvenoraziskovalnega centra Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti. Zbirka obsega 30.630 podatkov o vrstah dnevnih metuljev najdenih na ozemlju Slovenije, pridobljenih večinoma pri raziskovalnih projektih Biološkega inštituta J. H. ZRC SAZU, ki so potekali od leta 1995 naprej. S primerjavo med podatki v Atlasu in v inštitutski podatkovni zbirki sem ugotovila, da je smiselno objaviti dopolnitve k obstoječemu Atlasu. Dopolnitve obsegajo 1529 podatkov za 140 vrst. Med njimi je 14 vrst za katere so oprede- ljena nova območja in meje razširjenosti v Sloveniji, in 71 vrst najdenih v območjih, ki so v Atlasu opredeljena kot “bele lise”. Dopolnitve vključujejo tudi nove informacije o nahajališčih 3 vrst z zelo omejeno razširjenostjo v Sloveniji in o pojavljanju 27 vrst na že znanih nahajališčih. Ključne besede: dnevni metulji, razširjenost, Slovenija, Atlas. 1. INTRODUCTION occur in Slovenia, and 24 species for which there are only unconfirmed data of their presence in Atlas of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Slovenia. Among 179 confirmed species, there of Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 2012, 456 p.; hereaf- are 4 species considered extinct: Pyrgus onopordi ter: Atlas) was published in spring 2012 and in- (Rambur, 1839) (in Slovenia last seen 100 years cludes seven basic chapters with the central, most ago), Nymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, 1781) (in Slo- extensive thematic chapter, i.e. Species overview venia last seen more than 40 years ago), N. vaual- (pp. 73–444) treating 179 species which reliably bum (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (in Slovenia 1 Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology (BIJH), Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Science and Arts (ZRC SAZU), Novi trg 2, P. O. Box 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: [email protected] 55 Hacquetia 12/2 • 2013, 55–94 last seen over 70 years ago) and Hyponephele ly- butterflies of BIJH ZRC SAZU contains 30.630 caon (Kühn, 1774) (in Slovenia last seen 30 years distribution records for species found in Slovenia ago). Presentation of each of the 179 species (pp. (collection: 15%, published references: 13%, field 73–435) includes a graphical part (species dis- surveys: 72%), among which 86% are records on tribution, phenology, vertical distribution and the presence of species after year 1989. Not tak- habitats in Slovenia) and text (comments to the ing into account the records obtained by both species distribution in Slovenia; short description national lepidopterological projects mentioned of species’ biology and threatened status summa- above, the 23.508 distribution records (collection: rized above all upon references listed on pages 1%, published references: 9%, field surveys: 90%) 442–444). The species distribution is shown on for butterfly species present in Slovenia are in- two maps: (a) a map with localities which mini- cluded in the database, of which 99% are records mal spatial accuracy is defined by the size of the on the presence of species after year 1989. area of 100 km2, and (b) a map with the presence By comparing the data presented in the Atlas of species in a 5×5 km UTM square. On both in the main chapter “Species overview”, and the maps the species’ distribution records are pro- data from Digital database of the BIJH ZRC SA- vided for two time periods: locality/5×5 km UTM ZU, I found out that regarding the type and age square where the species was found before year of the data in our database (field surveys: 90% 1990, and the locality/5×5 km UTM square with of the records, 99% records after 1989), it is rea- the presence of species after year 1989. sonable to publish this supplement to the existing For 203 species (i.e. 179+24) discussed in the Atlas. My updates thus contribute to a more com- Atlas, 96.1% of 5×5 km UTM squares covering the prehensive and detailed knowledge of the distri- territory of Slovenia were investigated, and 212.936 bution of butterfly species in Slovenia, which is distribution records (museum and private collec- the basis for a complex and effective planning of tions: 15.864, published references: 33.571, field further studies on ecology, population and genet- surveys: 163.501) were collected by the end of 2011 ic diversity of species, on biodiversity of Slovenia, (Verovnik et al. 2012: pp. 40). 167 authors contrib- and for objective and argumentative spatial plan- uted the records to the Atlas (Verovnik et al. 2012: ning for nature conservation. pp. 8) but this excludes the authors whose unpub- lished data (from studies, reports, etc.) were also used for the Atlas (cf. Verovnik et al. 2012: pp. 30). 2. METHODS These authors are only mentioned in the chapter Sources (cf. Verovnik et al. 2012: pp. 445–453). For a comparison between the information pre- Digital database of butterflies of Jovan Hadži sented in the Atlas in the main chapter “Species Institute of Biology of the Scientific Research overview” (pp. 78–435) and the data from Digital Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences database of butterflies of the BIJH ZRC SAZU, and Arts (hereafter: BIJH ZRC SAZU) was not only my data (published and unpublished) from considered in the process of collecting the data the database were used, consisting of 19.841 re- for the Atlas. This database covers data collect- cords (collection: 0.6%, field surveys: 99.4%; ed within two major national lepidopterologi- records before year 1990: 0.6%, after year 1989: cal projects conducted by the BIJH ZRC SAZU 99.4%). In the Atlas, many of my previously pub- (both projects involve members of the Slovenian lished data including the “grey literature” like Entomological Society Štefan Michieli, Centre studies, reports, etc., were used (see Chapter for Cartography of Fauna and Flora, Depart- “Sources” in Verovnik et al. 2012: pp. 445–453). ment of Biology of Biotechnical Faculty of Uni- Each distribution record on the distribution maps versity of Ljubljana, non-resident co-workers): in the Atlas provides only information about the “Atlas of threatened butterflies of Slovenia” the record date, either before 1990 or after 1989, (Čelik & Rebeušek 1996) and the “Expertise on and spatial accuracy only at the level of 5×5 km fundaments for establishment of Natura 2000 UTM square (see Introduction). Hence, I could network in Slovenia – Lepidoptera” (Čelik et al. use here only those of my unpublished records 2004). The major part of this database includes that represent novel time/spatial information on data collected by the BIJH ZRC SAZU Research the accuracy levels used in the Atlas (see below). Program and other research projects which took Considering the type and age of my records, only place from 1995 onwards. The Digital database of species which are confirmed for Slovenia (179 56 Tatjana Čelik: Supplements to the atlas of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Slovenia species) were included in the preparation of this In the case that species was observed within supplement to the Atlas. the same day in a number of locations (i.e. geo- I here provide: (1) supplements to the distri- graphical coordinates) within the same locality, bution map of the species shown in Atlas with the description of the locality is mentioned only 5×5 km UTM squares, and (2) supplements to once (at the first location); other locations in- the (accompanying) text dealing with the com- clude only information on altitude and geograph- ments to the distribution map and vertical dis- ical coordinates. In the case that species was ob- tribution of the species. I did not add the sup- served on the same locality at different days, all plements to the description of species’ biology dates are listed together after the information on and threatened status as presented in the Atlas the UTM square, and description of locality, alti- because they represent unpublished results of our tude and geographical coordinates follow. studies which will be published elsewhere. (2) Supplements to the text in Atlas dealing (1) Supplements to the distribution map of the with the comments to the distribution map and species are classified into three groups: vertical distribution of the species follow the sup- (I) New data for 10×10 km UTM square mean- plements to the distribution map of the species.