UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA SLOVENISTIKO Petra Porenta Diplomsko delo POKRAJINE IN KRAJI V GRADNIKOVI POEZIJI Mentor: red. prof. dr. Miran Hladnik Ljubljana, 1. marec 2006 2 Zahvaljujem se mentorju dr. Miranu Hladniku za spremljanje in nasvete pri pisanju diplomske naloge. Posebna zahvala gre vsem, ki se mi pomagali pri nastajanju Vodnika po Gradnikovi učni poti. Hvala staršem za vzpodbude in podporo, Špeli Perne za nasvete in ilustracije, Juriju Porenta za računalniški prerez in oblikovanje, Antonu Štampflu za fotografije ter za vse nepozabne trenutke v deželi vina in poezije. 3 KAZALO KAZALO ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 1. UVOD ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. TEORETIČNI DEL .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 GRADNIKOVO ŽIVLJENJE ................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 OTROŠTVO .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 ŠOLANJE ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 POKLICNO UDEJSTVOVANJE ....................................................................................................10 2.1.4 UPOKOJITEV ...............................................................................................................................13 2.2 PESNIŠKO DELO ................................................................................................................................14 2.2.1 PESNIŠKE ZBIRKE .......................................................................................................................14 2.2.2 IZBORI POEZIJE ..........................................................................................................................17 2.2.3 PREVODI ......................................................................................................................................17 2.3 GRADNIKOVO MESTO V SLOVENSKI LIRIKI .................................................................................18 2.3.1 NOVOROMANTIČNE PRVINE ......................................................................................................18 2.3.2 EKSPRESIONISTIČNE PRVINE ....................................................................................................19 2.3.3 TREDICIONALNE PRVINE ...........................................................................................................21 2.4 ORIS TEMATIKE GRADNIKOVE POEZIJE .......................................................................................21 2.4.1 LJUBEZENSKO-EROTIČNA POEZIJA .........................................................................................21 2.4.2 REFLEKSIVNA POEZIJA ..............................................................................................................23 2.4.2.1 ŽIVLJENJE – SMRT ............................................................................................................................. 24 2.4.2.2 BOG ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 3. EMPIRIČNI DEL ......................................................................................................................................26 3.1 NAMEN, RAZISKOVALNA VPRAŠANJA IN HIPOTEZE ..................................................................26 3.2 METODA DELA ..................................................................................................................................27 3.3 REZULTATI IN INTERPRETACIJA ....................................................................................................27 3.3.1 INTERPRETACIJA PO POKRAJINAH ..........................................................................................29 3.3.1.1 BRDA ................................................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.1.2 ISTRA ................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.1.3 PRIMORSKA ........................................................................................................................................ 37 3.3.1.4 SLOVENSKA ZEMLJA ........................................................................................................................ 42 3.3.1.5 POKRAJINE IN KRAJI BIVŠE JUGOSLAVIJE .................................................................................... 45 3.3.1.6 TUJINA ................................................................................................................................................. 46 3.3.2 GRADNIK IN ZEMLJA ........................................................................................................................... 47 3.4 SKLEPNE MISLI ..................................................................................................................................48 4. PRAKTIČNI DEL .....................................................................................................................................51 4.1 NAMEN ...............................................................................................................................................51 4.2 OPIS POTI ............................................................................................................................................52 4.3 SKLEP ..................................................................................................................................................54 5. ZAKLJUČEK ............................................................................................................................................55 6. KRATICE ..................................................................................................................................................56 7. LITERATURA ..........................................................................................................................................57 8. PRILOGE - ANALIZA POKRAJIN IN KRAJEV V GRADNIKOVI LIRIKI .......................................60 8.1 ANALIZA PESNIŠKIH ZBIRK ............................................................................................................60 8.1.1 PADAJOČE ZVEZDE (1916) .........................................................................................................60 8.1.2 POT BOLESTI (1922) ....................................................................................................................65 8.1.3 DE PROFUNDIS (1926) ................................................................................................................70 8.1.4 VEČNI STUDENCI (1938) .............................................................................................................74 8.1.5 ZLATE LESTVE (1940) ..................................................................................................................75 4 8.1.6 PESMI O MAJI (1944) ...................................................................................................................77 8.1.7 POJOČA KRI (1944) .....................................................................................................................77 8.1.8 NAROBE SVET IN DRUGE PESMI ZA MLADINO (1953) .............................................................80 8.1.9 LUCIPETER (1973) .......................................................................................................................81 8.1.10 GRAFIČNI PRIKAZ ZBRANIH ŠTEVILČNIH RAZMERIJ ............................................................82 8.2. ANALIZA IZBOROV ..........................................................................................................................83 8.2.1 IZ »SVETLIH SAMOT« (1932) .......................................................................................................83 8.2.2 IZ »HARFE V VETRU« (1954) .......................................................................................................84 8.3. ANALIZA MLADOSTNIH PESMI ......................................................................................................85 8.3.1 MLADOSTNE PESMI (1896–1916) ...............................................................................................85 8.4. ANALIZA NEZBRANIH PESMI .........................................................................................................85 8.4.1 NEZBRANE PESMI (1917–1923) ...................................................................................................85 8.4.2 NEZBRANE PESMI (1923–1932) ...................................................................................................87 8.4.3 NEZBRANE PESMI od 1933 dalje .................................................................................................87 8.4.4 NEZBRANE OTROŠKE PESMI......................................................................................................91