If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. , ,\'~ Ii 'J ':'0 yC">?' // q' ~ "k" .' ~~{" I NILEC'i.S TD-O'204.00, NOVEMBE,R 1977" LAW ENFORCEPJlENT STANDARDS PROGRAM 'I • FIXED AND • BASE STATION ANTENNAS _as - • "" ~,-~,-::, _'0 --:-.., u.s. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE law £nforcement Assistance Administration National Institute of law Enforcement and Criminiil Justice 1,· ! ,I' (., '. .'1" ;:-,. :t " " Ii, .• " 'LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS PROGRAM • NILECJ STANDARD FOR • FIXED AND ' BASE, STATION ANTENNAS.- ~ • A Voluntary National S,tandard Promulg~lte!l.~IY the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Crimi~arJustice., . ~ • !I NOVEMBER.1977 •D • u.s. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Law Enforcement Assistance Administration National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice ;, Mil • • -' ,,'."' NATIONAL 8NSTilUTE OF lAW ENFOR,CEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE Blair G. Ewing, Acting Direct!or :r­ .1; ! !'\ " LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSIST~~CE ADMINISTRATION James M.H. Gregg, Acting Administrator • • • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This standard was formulated by the Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards under the direction of Marshall '1 Treado. PrQgram Manager for CommunicatiolJs 'Systems. and Jacob J. Diamo~d. Chief of LESL. NBS Electromagnetics Division staff members responsible for the • preparation of the standard were Harold E. Taggart. proj¢ct manager. Robert E. Nelson. and John L. Workman. Acknowledgment is given to previous work in this field by the Associated Public-Safety Communications Officers, Inc.; the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.; and the Electronics Industries Association, For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. -J.S. Government Printing Office Washington. D.C. ,,'0,102 .' Stock Number 027-O()():..()()S67-S • j, • NII.ECJ STANDARD FOR • fiXED AND BASE STATION ANTENNAS CONTENTS -.... • Page Foreword .. c •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '-:'-. • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• v I. Purpose and Scope ............................. '. .. 1 2. Classification .............................................................. 1 3. Definitions .. '.................................................... ; . .. 1 4. Requirements ... ,........................ .. 2 4.1· Performance Requirements. .. .. 2 .' 4.2 User Information ............. : .......... " .............. : ....•......... 2 4.3 Rated Power Operation ........ , ..............: .......... , .... , .......... 3 4.4 Relative Antenna Gain .............. '.. .. .. 3 4.5 Radiation Pattern . .. 3 4.6 Standing Wave Ratio ....... " ............................. ,«' • • • • • • • • • •• 3 • 4.7 Wind Velocity Rating .......... " ..... '" ............................. 3 4.8 Materials ................................................... :'. .. 3 5. Test Methods. .. 4 5.1 Standard Test Conditions .............. , ............... , ............... 4 5.2 Test Equipment ...................................•................... 5 5.3 Scale Model Measurements ............................................ 5 • 5.4 Rated Power Operation Test ........................... , ............... 5 5.5 Relative Antenna Gain Test. .. 6 5.6 Radiation Pattern Tests ..................... ~ .......................... 6 5.7 Standing Wave Ratio Test ..................... , ....................... 6 • Appendix A-Bibliography ......... : ....... : ..................... ; . .. .. 9 • !' ,i • II II iii •f" "~ "' •••• ,or' FOREWORD " Following a Congressional mandate' to develop neW and improved techniques, , systems, and equipment to strengthen law enforcement and' criminal justice, the National Institute of Law E~forcement and Criminal Justice (NILEC.J) has established.the Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory (LESL) at the National Bllreau of Standards. LESL's fllnction is to conduct research that will assist law enforcl!ment and crirninal justice agen~ies in the selection and procurement of quality equipment: In response to priorities established by NILECJ, LESL is (I) subjecting existing equipment to laboratory testing and evaluation and (2) conducting research leading to the development of several series of documents, including national voluntary, equipment standards, user guidelines, state-of-the art surveys and other reports. This document, NILECJ-STD-0204.00, Fixed and Base Station Antennas, is a law enforcement equipment standard developed by LESL and approved and issued by NILECJ. Additional standards. as well as other documents are being issued 'under the LESL program in the areas of protective equipment, communications equipment, security • systems, weapons, emergency equipment, investigative aids, vehicles and clothing. This equipment standard is a technical document consisting of performance and other requirements together with a description of test methods. Equipment which can meet these requirements is of superior quality and is suited to the needs of law enforcement agencies. Purchasing agents can use the test methods described' in this standard to determine firsthand whether a particular equipment item meets the requirements of the standard, or • they may have the tests conducted on their behalf by a qualified testing laboratory. Law enforcement personnel may alsotreferencethis standard in pur<;hase documents and require that any equipment offered for purchase meet its requirements and that th,s compliance be either guaranteed by the vendor or attested to by an independent testing laboratory. The necessarily technical nature of this NILECJ standard, and its special focus as a procurement aid, make it of limited use to those who seek general guidance concerning • fixed and base station antennas. The NILECJ Guideline Series 'fills that need. We plan to issue guidelines to this as well as other law enforcement equipment as soon as possible, within the constraints of available funding and the overaIlNILECJ program. The guideline documents being issued are highly readable and tutorial in nature in contrast to the standt1rds, which are highly technical and intended for laboratory use by technical personnel. The guideHnes provide, in nOll-technical language, .information for • purchasing agents and other interested persons concerning the capabilities of equipment currently available. They may then sel~ct equipment appropriate to the performance required by their agency. Recommendations for the development· of particular guidelines should be sent to us. NILECJ standards are subjected to continuing review. Technical comments and recommended revisions are invited from all interested parties. Suggestions should be • addressed to the Program Manager for Standards. NatiorialInstitute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. U.S. Department of i " Justice. Washington,D.C~2053r.· , ,._. Lester D. Shubin "Program Manager for Standards National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice , " ·Section 402(b) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. as amended. v 'ri(e&ed"'i\la~!~.!'\i. ,",L~"~-"~'-"""":"~"'''-'"''''" " NILECJ-STD-0204.00 ."" '., NILECJ STANDARD for FIXED AND BASE STATION ANTEN~JAS . • ~ ----""-:'-& ~ • 1_ PURPOSE AND SCqPE The purpose of this document is to establish minimum performance requirements and methods of test for antennas that are used at base stations or other fixed sites by law enforcement agencies~ • 2. CLASSIFICATION For the purposes of this standard, fixed and base station antennas are classified ~Y their operating frequency and their directional pattern. 2.1 Operating Frequency 2.1.1 Type I Antennas for use in the 400-512 MHz band. 2.1.2 Type II' • Antennas for use in the 150-174 MHz band. 2.1.3 Type III Antennas for use in the 25-50 MHz band. 2.2 Directional Pattern 2.2.1 Omnidirectional Ante~l"Ia • 2.2.2 Directional Antenna 3. DEFINITIONS The principal terms used in this docume'rit are defined in this section. Additional definitions relating to. iaw enforcement communication are given in LESP-RPT-0203.00 [7]. • 3.1 Antenna Power Reding .~ !., The maximum continuous-wave power ..that can be applied to an antenna without degrading its performance. 3.2 Dipole Antenna, Resonal1t .t~I!:-Wavelength--'~··, _. ,"" .... I A straight radiator (usually energized at the center) whose diameter is.smallcompared IeI to its length and whose electrical length is equal to approximately one-halfthe wavelength of the energizing signal. The radiator supports a line current distribution such that a Current node (zero net current) exists at each of the ends, producing maximum radiation in the plane at the center of the antenna and normal to its longitudinal· axis. 3.3 Directional Pattern·{Raciiatior. Pattern) . gil", The transmitting or receiving properties of an antenna as a function of direction. Direc~orial patterns are frequently given in vertical and horizontal plal1es. • 3.4 Effective Antenna Volume The vo.lume occupied by an antenna plus one-half wavelength in all directions wben it is rotated thr\ough 3600 as required by a particular test. 1 •• '",:. \ '\\'--'--'-~-~~------'--"'- 3.5 Isotropic Radiator J A hyp6th~tical antenna radiating or receiving equally in all directions. 3.6 Pattern Recorder A device that· records the amplitude of the output signal from ~m antenna and receiver combination as a function of the antenna orientation. ' 3.7 Polarization .. The orientation of the electric~field vector of the wave radiated by an antenna. " Alternatively, the orientation of the electric~field' vector of an incident wave which results