Active Citizenship Policies on Crime Prevention: Towards a Common European Policy edited by Alida Federico ISBN 978-88-94-17990-3 © 2016 – FONDAZIONE GIOVANNI E FRANCESCA FALCONE Via Serradifalco, 250 90145 – Palermo www.fondazionefalcone.it [email protected] Phone: +39.0916812993 Graphic Project: Copygraf – Palermo This project has been implemented with the support of the “Europe for Citizens” Programme of the European Union. Index Preface Maria Falcone and Loredana Introini .................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction Alida Federico ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Theoretical overview Citizens, citizenship and European Union: an open bet? The culture of legality Salvatore Di Piazza and Sorina Soare ................................................................................................................................. 13 I. Italy Alida Federico ......................................................................................................................................................................... 24 1. Active citizenship policies for Italian youths: a brief overview .................................................................................. 24 2. Italian Youth ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1. Demographic trends ..................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.2. The economic conditions of families ........................................................................................................................ 28 2.3. Employment .................................................................................................................................................................. 28 2.4. Education, vocational training and the “NEETs” .................................................................................................. 29 2.5. Voluntary work and the youths .................................................................................................................................. 31 3. Youth policies adopted in the past few years ................................................................................................................ 33 4. Juvenile deviance in Italy .................................................................................................................................................. 38 5. The Juvenile Penal System in Italy .................................................................................................................................. 45 5.1. Juvenile Criminal Proceedings .................................................................................................................................... 46 6. Sicily: an overview .............................................................................................................................................................. 48 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................................................. 56 References ............................................................................................................................................................................... 57 II. Albania Ermal Nazifi ............................................................................................................................................................................ 58 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 58 1. Organized crime in Albania .............................................................................................................................................. 58 2. The state of Youth in Albania .......................................................................................................................................... 61 3. Active Citizenship .............................................................................................................................................................. 63 4. Juvenile delinquency .......................................................................................................................................................... 66 4.1. The legal framework .................................................................................................................................................... 68 5. Real life stories .................................................................................................................................................................... 71 6. Juvenile delinquency: a view of a psychologist .............................................................................................................. 73 7. Juvenile delinquency: a view of a the law enforcers ..................................................................................................... 73 8. Statistics ............................................................................................................................................................................... 74 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................................................. 77 References ............................................................................................................................................................................... 79 III. Bulgaria Tzvetalina Genova and Silviya Stoyanova ......................................................................................................................... 80 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 80 1. Criminality and forms of criminal acts: measures and tools for prevention and combating ................................. 81 1.1. The criminality phenomenon ...................................................................................................................................... 81 1.2. Organized crime in Bulgaria– status and tendencies ............................................................................................... 81 1.3. Juvenile crime in Bulgaria – trends and essential factors causing it ...................................................................... 83 1.4 Legislative basis for combating the criminality (included organized crime). ........................................................ 85 2. Laws and programmes at national and local levels, preventing and combating juvenile delinquency ................. 87 3. Fostering active citizenship .............................................................................................................................................. 96 4. Some data on the socio-cultural degradation that involves young people ................................................................ 99 5. Know more deeply on the socio-cultural degradation that involves young people .............................................. 106 6. Local networks for active citizenship promotion and juvenile delinquency prevention ...................................... 109 7. Key points and best practices for recovery of young people who have committed crimes ................................ 116 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................................................... 119 References ............................................................................................................................................................................. 120 IV. Croatia Elena Bernich ........................................................................................................................................................................ 122 1. The birth of organized crime in Croatia ....................................................................................................................... 122 2. Definition of organized crime in the Croatian legislation ......................................................................................... 123 3. Specific organs fighting organized crime in Croatia ................................................................................................... 127 3.1. USKOK (office for the repression of corruption and organized crime) .......................................................... 127 3.2. Office for the prevention of money laundering .................................................................................................... 128 3.3. The Organized Crime Department ......................................................................................................................... 129 4. Juvenile delinquency in Croatia.....................................................................................................................................