151378018.Pdf

151378018.Pdf

! ! " " ! " # ! ! $ % &' () *((+ *(,, $ - #.#$-,% #--.###/012-3%! 1. . 4 ! # ! ' 3 ' 5!2 6 6 ' 0 - 64 0 1 & &1 0 % 74 0 ! ! "#$"# ! " # $ !% ! & $ ' ' ($ ' # % % ) %* %' $ ' + " % & ' ! # $, ( $ - . ! "- ( % . % % % % $ $ $ - - - - // $$$ 0 1"1"#23." "0" )*4/ +) * !5 !& 6!7%66898& % ) - 2 : ! * & "%&'()*+,+*-),+,.,*+) ; "-*- %< $ . = - *- % %9>89 /- ?9>8@"0" )*4/ +) "3 " & 9>8@ CONTENTS PAGE NO ________________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER-I- INTRODUCTION 06 - 24 1.1 GENERAL 6 1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES 9 1.3 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION 9 1.3.1 Rivers 12 1.3.2 Forest and fauna 13 1.3.3 Climate 14 1.3.4 Rain-Fall 14 1.3.5 Temperature 14 1.3.6 Humidity 15 1.3.7 Winds 15 1.3.8 Special weather phenomena 15 1.3.9 Soils: 16 1.3.10 Minerals 16 1.3.11. Transport and communication 17 1.3.11.1 The Jawaharlal Nehru Inner Ring Road 17 1.3.11.2 The Jawaharlal Nehru Outer Ring Road: 18 1.3.12 Animal Husbandry 18 1.3.13 Cropping Pattern 19 1.3.14 Irrigation 19 1.3.15 Health & Medical Facilities: 19 1.3.16 Industries 20 1.3.16.1 Special Economic Zones 20 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 21 1.5. JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY 21 CHAPTER-II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 25-57 2.1 GENERAL 25 2.2 THE PURPOSE FOR LAND USE CHANGE 29 2.3 DEFINING LAND, LAND COVER, LAND USE, LAND COVER CHANGE AND LAND USE CHANGE 30 1 2.4 LAND USE AND LAND COVER 32 2.5 LAND USE CHANGE: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 35 2.6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS 41 2.7 CASE STUDIES 48 CHAPTER-III MATERIALS AND METHDOLOGY 58-85 3.1 GENERAL 58 3.1.1 Basic Concepts of Land Use 59 3.1.2 Objectives of Classification 59 3.2 LAND USE / LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION 60 3.2.1 Objectives of Land Use / Land Cover Map 61 3.2.2 Methodology For Land Use/Land Cover Mapping 63 3.3 PREPARATION OF SPATIAL DATA 67 3.3.1 Acquisition and Processing of Topomaps and Satellite Data 67 3.3.2 Satellite Data Processing 68 3.3.3 Digital Image Enhancement of LISS III data 68 3.3.4 Image Interpretation 72 3.3.5 Elements of Image Characteristics 72 3.3.6 visual image Interpretation 72 3.4 GENERATION OF THEMATIC LAYERS 77 3.4.1 Base Map 78 3.4.2 Drainage Map 79 3.4.3 Significance of drainage analysis 80 3.4.4 Transportation map 80 3.4.5 Slope map 81 3.4.6 Land Use / Land Cover Map 83 3.4.6.1 Basic Concepts of Land Use 84 3.4.6.2 Objectives of Land Use / Land Cover Map 84 3.4.6.3 Application of Remote sensing techniques for Lu/Lc 85 3.4.6.4 Methodology for land use/land cover mapping 85 CHAPTER-IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 86-104 4.1 GENERAL 86 2 4.2 CHANGE DETECTION RESULT AND ANALYSIS 93 4.3 GHATKESAR MANDAL LU/LC OF2006 ANALYSIS 100 4.4 GHATKESAR MANDAL LU/LC OF 2011: ANALYSIS 101 4.5 CHANGE DETECTION ANALYSIS (2006-2011) 102 CHAPTER ±V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 105-108 5.1 CONCLUSION 105 5.2 RECOMMENDATION 107 REFERENCES 109-110 3 LIST OF TABLES 1.1 List of villages in Ghatkesar Mandal 10 1.2 Data from MRO 22 3.1 NRSC Land Use / Land Cover Classification System 61 3.2 Details of LISS III of IRS-1D 65 3.3 Slope categories 82 4.1 Overall change detection (2006-2011) 93 4.2 Land Use Land cover of Ghatkesar Mandal in Hectares - 2006 95 4.3 Land Use Land cover of Ghatkesar Mandal in Percentage ± 2006 96 4 .4 Land Use Land cover of Ghatkesar Mandal in Hectares - 2011 97 4.5 Land Use Land cover of Ghatkesar Mandal in Percentage - 2011 98 4.6 Change Detection (2006-2011) comparison 99 4 LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 flow chart of methodology 66 3.2 satellite imagery 2006 70 3.3 satellite imagery 2011 71 4.1 Base map 87 4.2 Drainage map 88 4.3 Transportation map 89 4.4 Slope map 90 4.5 LU/LC 2006 91 4.6 LU/LC 2011 92 4.7 Pie chart ±Change detection (2006-2011) 94 5 CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL Studies have shown that there remains only few landscapes on the Earth that are still in their natural state. Due to anthropogenic activities, the Earth surface is EHLQJVLJQLILFDQWO\DOWHUHGLQVRPHPDQQHUDQGPDQ¶VSUHVHQFHRQWKH(DUWhand his use of land has had a profound effect upon the natural environment thus resulting into an observable pattern in the land use/land cover over time. Definition of terms: a) Land use: The term land use relates to the human activity or economic function associated with a specific piece of land. b) Land cover: The term land cover relates to the type of feature present on the surface of the earth. c) Change detection: involves the use of multitemporal data sets to discriminate areas of land cover change between dates of imaging. /DQGXVHUHIHUVWR³PDQ¶VDFWLYLWLHVDQGYDULRXVXVHVZKLFKDUHFDUULHG RQODQG VXFKDVDJULFXOWXUHVHWWOHPHQWVLQGXVWU\HWF ´/DQGFRYHUUHIHUVWRWKH material present e.g. vegetation, water bodies, rocks/soils and other resulting from land transformations. Although land use is generally inferred based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover being closely related are interchangeable. For example buildings/ settlement is cover but if we include whether it is being used for residence or industrial activity, it shows the land use component. Land use/cover Change detection is very essential for better understanding of landscape dynamic during a known period of time having sustainable management. Land use/cover changes is a dynamic, widespread and 6 accelerating process, mainly driven by natural phenomena and anthropogenic activities, which in turn drives changes that would impact natural ecosystem. Change detection is one of the landscape ecological aims. Preparing landscape Characteristics maps can help to change detection. Understanding landscape patterns, changes and interactions between human activities and natural phenomenon are essential for proper land management and decision improvement. Land use refHUVWRPDQ¶VDFWLYLWLHVDQGWKHYDULHGXVHVZKLFKDUH Carried on over land and land cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial Cover and others noticed on the land (NRSA, 1989). Land Cover, defined as the assemblage of Biotic aQGELRWLFFRPSRQHQWVRQWKHHDUWK¶V surface is one of the most crucial properties of the Earth system. Land cover is that which covers the surface of the earth and land use describes how the land cover is modified. Land cover includes: water, snow, grassland, forest, and bare Soil. Land Use includes agricultural land, built up land, recreation area, wildlife management area etc. 7KH /DQG FRYHU UHIOHFWV WKH ELRSK\VLFDO VWDWH RI WKH HDUWK¶V VXUIDFH DQG immediate subsurface, thus embracing the soil material, vegetation, and water. Land use refers to man's activities on land which are directly related to the land. Land use and land cover are dynamic. Changes may involve the nature or intensity of change but may also include spatial (forest abatement at village level, or for a large scale agro industrial plant), and time aspects. Land use/ Land cover changes also involve the modification, either direct or indirect, of natural habitats and their impact on the ecology of the area. The land use/land cover pattern of a region is an outcome of natural and socio± economic factors and their utilization by man in time and space. Land is becoming a scarce resource due to immense agricultural and demographic pressure. Hence, information on land use / land cover and possibilities for their optimal use is essential for the 7 selection, planning and implementation of land use schemes to meet the increasing demands for basic human needs and welfare. This information also assists in monitoring the dynamics of land use resulting out of changing demands of increasing population. Land use and land cover change has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes. The advancement in the concept of vegetation mapping has greatly increased research on land use land cover change thus providing an accurate HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH VSUHDG DQG KHDOWK RI WKH ZRUOG¶V IRUHVW JUDVVODQG DQG agricultural resources has become an important priority. Viewing the Earth from space is now crucLDOWRWKHXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHLQIOXHQFHRIPDQ¶VDFWLYLWLHVRQ his natural resource base over time. In situations of rapid and often unrecorded land use change, observations of the earth from space provide objective information of human utilization of the landscape. Over the past years, data IURP(DUWKVHQVLQJVDWHOOLWHVKDVEHFRPHYLWDOLQPDSSLQJWKH(DUWK¶VIHDWXUHV and infrastructures, managing natural resources and studying environmental change. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are now providing new tools for advanced ecosystem management. The collection of remotely sensed data facilitates the synoptic analyses of Earth - system function, patterning, and change at local, regional and global scales over time; such data also provide an important link between intensive, localized ecological research and regional, national and international conservation and management of biological diversity (Wilkie and Finn, 1996). Therefore, attempt will be made in this study to map out the status of land use land cover of Hyderabad District between 2006 and 2011 with a view to detect the changes that has taken place in this status particularly in the built-up land so as to predict possible changes that might take place in this status in 8 coordinates ranging between 170Ý 1 DQG 0Ý (. It has an average elevation of 469 meters (1541 feet) Boundaries: The District is bounded on the North by Medak District, East by Nalgonda District, South by Mahaboobnagar District and West by Gulbarga District & North West of Bidar District of Karnataka State.

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    121 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us