Master Thesis Software Engineering Thesis no: MSE-2007-15 March 2007 Combining eXtreme Programming with ISO 9000:2000 to Improve Nigerian Software Development Processes School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Box 520 SE – 372 25 Ronneby Sweden This thesis is submitted to the School of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Software Engineering. The thesis is equivalent to 40 weeks of full time studies. Contact Information: Author(s): Edison Erharuyi E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] University advisor(s): Bengt Aspvall School of Engineering School of Engineering Internet : www.bth.se/tek Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 457 38 50 00 Box 520 Fax : + 46 457 271 25 SE – 372 25 Ronneby Sweden ii ABSTRACT The aim of this research work is to study how eXtreme programming could be combined with ISO 9000:2000 standards to improve Nigerian software development processes. The combination of these models will enable organizations take advantage of models’ strengths and compensate for their weaknesses in enhancing continuous software process improvement and rapidly responding customer's changing needs. This was achieved by adopting a model in balancing ISO and eXtreme programming in software projects. This allows organization to determine whether to choose a pure method (eXtreme programming or ISO) or mixed methods (eXtreme programming and ISO) that will be most successful in executing software projects. Also developed was another strategy in modifying eXtreme programming practices to reflect ISO 9001:2000 standard requirements. Keywords: ISO 900:2000 standard, eXtreme programming, agile methodology. i CONTENTS ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................I CONTENTS................................................................................................................................... II 1 CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION....................................................................................... 1 1.2 RESEARCH AIM ................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................... 2 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................... 2 1.5 EXPECTED OUTCOME ........................................................................................................ 2 1.6 RELATED STUDIES ............................................................................................................ 2 1.6.1 Alignment of eXtreme programming with ISO 9001:2000 - Ticket................... 2 1.6.2 Field experiences with eXtreme programming in ERS system development. ... 3 1.6.3 eXtreme programming at a process intensive company..................................... 5 1.7 THESIS STRUCTURE........................................................................................................... 7 2 CHAPTER 2 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 8 2.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Data collections .................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Interview and Questionnaire................................................................................ 9 2.2 RESEARCH VALIDATION.................................................................................................... 9 2.3 STATIC VALIDATION ....................................................................................................... 10 3 CHAPTER 3 – THE STATE OF NIGERIAN SOFTWARE INDUSTRY.......................... 11 3.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 11 3.2 OVERVIEW OF NIGERIAN SOFTWARE INDUSTRY. .............................................................. 11 3.3 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 13 4 CHAPTER 4 – ISO STANDARDS....................................................................................... 14 4.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 14 4.2 QUALITY PRINCIPLE OF ISO 9000:2000........................................................................... 14 4.3 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ 15 4.4 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS ISO 9000 ............................................................................ 17 4.5 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 18 5 CHAPTER 5 – OVERVIEW OF AGILE METHODOLOGY............................................ 19 5.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 19 5.2 EXTREME PROGRAMMING (XP)....................................................................................... 19 5.2.1 eXtreme Programming core values ................................................................... 20 5.2.2 eXtreme Programming Principles ..................................................................... 21 5.2.3 eXtreme Programming practices....................................................................... 22 5.3 EXTREME PROGRAMMING WEAKNESSES AND STRENGTHS................................................ 24 5.4 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 25 6 CHAPTER 6 – MAPPING EXTREME PROGRAMMING FIELD PRACTICES TO ISO STANDARD.................................................................................................................................. 26 6.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 26 6.2 MAPPING EXTREME PROGRAMMING PRACTICES IN ERS PROJECT TO ISO 9001.................. 26 6.3 MAPPING ISO 9001 TO EXTREME PROGRAMMING PRACTICES IN PROCESS INTENSIVE COMPANY ................................................................................................................................... 28 6.4 MAPPING EXTREME PROGRAMMING PRACTICES TO ISO REQUIREMENTS BY [GRAM WRIGHT]. ................................................................................................................................... 30 6.5 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 31 7 CHAPTER 7 – ANALYSIS AND RESULTS....................................................................... 32 ii 7.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 32 7.2 SOFTWARE PROJECTS CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................... 32 7.3 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ............................................................................... 33 7.4 IMPROVING DEVELOPMENT PROCESS................................................................................ 34 7.5 WHY ISO AND EXTREME PROGRAMMING ........................................................................ 34 7.6 EUROPE AND NIGERIAN SOFTWARE PROCESS ................................................................... 35 7.7 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 36 8 CHAPTER 8 – RECOMMENDED METHODOLOGY ..................................................... 37 8.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 37 8.2 COMBINING EXTREME PROGRAMMING WITH ISO STANDARD............................................ 37 8.2.1 How to combine eXtreme programming with ISO standard............................ 40 8.2.2 Step 1 - Self-assessments.................................................................................... 40 8.2.3 Step 2 - If assessments show ISO or eXtreme programming ........................... 40 8.2.4 Step 3 - If an assessment shows ISO or eXtreme programming with abnormalities ....................................................................................................................... 40 8.2.5 Step 4 - If an assessment shows mixed profile. ................................................. 41 8.2.6 Step 5 ................................................................................................................... 41 8.3 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 44 9 CHAPTER 9 – STRATEGY TO MODIFY EXTREME PROGRAMMING FROM ISO PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................................................................ 45 9.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................