REPORTRESUMES ED 016 630 SE 004 137 DRUG ABUSE, A SOURCEBOOK AND GUIDE FOR TEACHERS. KITZINGER, ANGELA HILL, PATRICIA J. CALIFORNIA STATE DEPT. OF EDUCATION,SACRAMENTO PUB DATE 67 EDRS PRICE MFS0.75 HC -$5.56 137P. DESCRIPTORS *CURRICULUM, *DRUG ADDICTION,*DRUG LEGISLATION, *HEALTH EDUCATION, *TEACHINGGUIDES, CURRICULUM PLANNING, EI-EMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE,SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, *INSTRUCTION, CALIFORNIA, THIS SOURCEBOOK CONTAINSINFORMATION TO HELP TEACHERS IKSTRUCT ABOUT DRUGS ANDDISCOURAGE DRUG ABUSE. THE INFORMATION IS APPLICABLE TOANY GROUP OR GRADE LEVELBUT IT IS PRIMARILY DIRECTED AT AK-12 PROGRAM. THE CONTENTHAS BEEN SELECTED, ORGANIZED, ANDPRESENTED IN TERMS OF PRESUMED TEACHER NEED AND IS NOTINTENDED FOR DIRECT PUPILUSE. INFORMATION HAS BEEN DRAWNFROM MEDICAL, LEGAL,GOVERNMENTAL, AND OTHER SOURCES ANDHAS BEEN ADAPTED FOREDUCATIONAL USE. EXCESSIVE USE OF SCIENTIFICTERMINOLOGY HAS BEEN AVOIDED.THE MATERIAL IS DIVIDED INTOTHREE MAJOR DIVISIONS. PART1 DEALS WITH (1) DANGEROUS SUBSTANCESINCLUDING BARBITURATES, AMPHETAMINES, VOLATILECHEMICALS, MARIHUANA, LSD, AND NARCOTICS, AND (2) THE PEOPLEWHO BECOME DEPENDENTUPON THESE DRUGS. PART 2 DEALS WITHLEGISLATION AND OTHER SOCIETAL EFFORTS TO CONTROL ANDSOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF DRUGABUSE. PART 3 SURVEYS EDUCATIONALPROBLEMS AND SUGGESTSGUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OFINSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS DESIGNEDTO PREVENT DRUG ABUSE. ALSOINCLUDED ARE DEFINITIONS OFKEY TERMS, DRUG ABUSE JARGON, OBJECTIVETEST ITEMS, AND SELECTEDREFERENCES. (DS) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION O EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE C THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED POINTS OF VIEW OROPINIONS PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGINATING IT. REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OFEDUCATION I STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY POSITION OR POLICY. C I U) 0 o. 0 2 0, a CD DRuG11DUsE A Source Book and Guidefor Teachers --lift, CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CD MAX RAFFERTY-Superintendent of Public Instruction 0 Sacramento 1967 A SourceBook andGuide forTeachers Prepared by AngelaKitzinger Professor of HealthEducation San Diego StateCollege and Patricia J. Hill Consultant in SchoolHealth Education California StateDeportment of Education FOREWORD Generally, the label DANGEROUSmeans that a threat exists to the welfare andeven the life of human beings. However,no danger exists until human beingsenter the scene. Even then, the danger isheld to a minimum if those whoenter the scene are informed regardinghow to handle the situation and if theyact intelligently on the basis of the information. Knowledge and intelligentaction are therefore thegreatest safeguards society hasat its command. No substancenoteven opium, marihuana, or LSDis dangerousin and of itself. But the improperuse of nearly any substancecan be dangerous, and theuse can be especially dangerous if it involvestaking the substance into the bodyfor the expresspurpose of making the body, or any part of it, function abnormally. The improperuse of drugs by an ever-increasing number ofyoung people poses a problem ofmajor concern toour society. In fact, this problem has now reached suchproportions that wemust take any steps that are required to solve theproblem. These stepscan be taken through legislation and law enforcement,guidance by parents and otheradults, and education. Butto be most effective, all the forces thatare respon- sible for taking thesesteps must act in unison, and each of themmust move forcefully. therefore, urgeevery school to utilize the information in thispub- lication as a basis for developingan instructional program that is de- signed to inform all pupils regarding'the dangers that result fromthe improper use of drugs. Letus do all that we can to help pupils develop the qualities of self-respect thatare essential to each person'ssuccess as a citizen who meets his responsibilities well and liveslife to its fullest. And I urge every schoolto conduct an inservice educationprogram that is designed to provide opportunityfor every teacherto have the preparation he needs to offer the highquality instruction requiredin this special program. Superintendent of Public Instruction 111 PREFACE This publication replacesNarcotics: The Study ofa Modern Prob- lem, published by the CaliforniaState Department of Educationin 1952. At that time narcoticuse constituted the tragic centralcore of the drug abuse problem in whichonly a few adolescentswere involved, and these were generally membersof the lower socioeconomicgroups. Today innumerabletypes of drugs and other substancesare being reck- lessly experimented with byan ever-increasing number of adolescents from all socioeconomic levelsof society. Arrests of Californiajuve- niles under eighteenyears of age for drug offenses increased from 1,325 in 1962 to approximately4,600 in 1966, or 245percent in five years.' This informationmust be interpreted as meaning that. drug abuse by adolescents will continueto increase unless steps are taken, which are more effective than those taken in thepast, to control drug abuse, and, if possible, to eliminate it. The problem of drugabuse is serious and immenselycomplex. Strenuous governmental effortsto control the supply of dangerous sub- stances have not produced thenecessary results. Stringent laws and severe penalties have failed toprevent (1) the promotion of theuse of dangerous substances; and (2)the sale of dangerous substancesto youth, evenon school grounds. Adult society, through itswidespread acceptance of self-administered drugs and itswholesale use of various chemical euphoriants, is settinga bad example for children and youth. Advertising is all too oftena purveyor of the idea that pillsare the best answer to many of man's problems. Thepress and other mass media of communication all too often sensationalizedrug abuse and, inso doing, make it appear attractive. It isobvious, then, that the problemof drug abuse has not been solved bylegislation and that society isnot only failing to check the spread ofdrug abuse but insome ways may even be promoting such abuse.Increasingly, therefore,government officials, professional people, and othercitizens are looking toward educationas the best hope for stampingout the uniquely modern affliction of drug abuse among youth. California law requires thatinstruction about "narcotics" begiven in every public school in the state. California schoolshave been providing this instruction, but the sharp riseof the drug abuse problem inthe state indicates that the instruction, along withall other steps that have been taken to control drug abuse,has not produced the desiredresults and that the instruction given and allother measures taken should be strengthened. From a report made by Attorney GeneralThomas C. Lynch and presented to the California State Board of Education in its February, 1967,meeting in San Francisco. V It is a basic premiseof this source bookfor teachers that instruction about narcotics is onlypart of the total approach which the schools is necessary if are to make a real contributionto the solution of the drug abuse problem. Instruction about narcoticsmust be expanded tocover instruction about themany substances available for abuse and youth, and by children instruction in generalmust be supplemented bycon- certed effortsto develop young people whoare capable of resisting pressures toward experimenting withdangerous substances. Every teacher hassome responsibility for the preventionof drug abuse among his pupils.In part, thiscan be assumed by providing in- struction directly relatedto drug abuse; in part, by guiding in the development young people of theirresources for physivt), mental, andsocial well-being. Knowledgeabout dangerous substancesis, for many ado- lescents, inadequateas a deterrent to drug abuse. reinforced by the Knowledge must be capacity to meet life'schallenges and enjoy life'sre- wards withoutrecourse to drugs. Therefore, education abuse demands increasing relative to drug attention to the physical,mental, and social well-being of pupils.The ultimate solution,if one exists, lem of drug abuse to the prob- rests not in the control of drugsbut in the develop- ment of human beings who are resistant to drug abuse. Inthe final analysis, education aboutdrugs may be deemed leads the successful only if it young person to say "NO" whenhe is confronted withthe possibility of drugabuse. This source book containsbasic information designedto help teachers fulfill their doublerole of instructing aboutdrugs and reinforcing beings against drug human abuse. The material ispresented under threemajor divisions: Part One dealswith dangerous substancesand the people who become entangled in their use; Part Twodelineates the problemsof society in its effortsto control and solve the problem and Part Three of drug abuse; surveys educational problems andsuggests guidelines for the development ofprograms of instruction designedto prevent drug abuse byyoung people. The content has beenselected, organized, andpresented in terms of presumed teacher need.Information drawn from ernmental, and other medical, legal,gov- sources has been adapted foreducationaluse. Ultrascientific terminologyhas been avoided. Teachers should not attempt to "cover" all theinformation presented herein; rather, theyshould utilize the informationas a basis for classroom instruction and for extendingand enriching theirown knowledge and understanding of drugabuse. Thecontent is planned for teachernot pupil -- consumption. Teachers are urgedto use it with wisdom,re- straint, and professionaldiscretion. DONALD E. KITCH Acting Chief, C. CARSON CONRAD Division of