THE IMPACT OF CADRE DEPLOYMENT ON SERVICE DELIVERY: THE CASE OF MOPANI LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA T.M. MAGOMANE THE IMPACT OF CADRE DEPLOYMENT ON SERVICE DELIVERY: THE CASE OF MOPANI LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA T.M. MAGOMANE Student number: 2005 11 2335 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Magister Degree in Governance and Political Transformation from the Programme in Governance and Political Transformation at the University of the Free State Bloemfontein January 2012 Supervisor: Dr P.A. Croucamp (University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus) ii DECLARATION I, Tuma Moses Magomane, hereby declare that this extensive mini-dissertation for the Programme in Governance and Political Transformation at the University of the Free State (Bloemfontein) is my own original work and has not been submitted by me or any other individual at this or any other university. I also declare that all reference materials, used for this study, have been properly acknowledged. ...................................... T.M. Magomane Student number: 2005 11 2335 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude goes to the Almighty God of Mount Zion who made my studies a reality despite challenges. All family members including wife, Julia and children; Nelcah, Tshegofatso and Engel, have been supportive throughout my studies. Furthermore, thanks to my employer, Nkuhlwana Trainers and Projects (Pty) Ltd for assisting me with learning resources. Praises go to the Lord in Heaven! I would also like to thank my supervisor Dr Piet Croucamp for his guidance and academic support in making this document a reality. Not forgetting the entire staff at the UFS Governance and Political Transformation for their willingness and commitment in assisting me throughout my studies, without them this piece of work would not have been successful. Finally, Theodore Roosevelt once said; “It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done better. Credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust, sweat and blood, who strives valiantly...and who errs and comes up short again and again, because there is no effort without error or shortcoming... but who knows that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who knew neither victory nor defeat”. I thank you! ‘Mokgalaka’ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ........................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................v LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................... viii CHAPTER 1.............................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION ....................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Problem statement ....................................................................................... 4 1.3. Aims of the study ......................................................................................... 7 1.4. Research methodology ................................................................................ 8 1.5. Research design .......................................................................................... 9 1.6. Literature survey ........................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 2............................................................................................................ 14 THE PRACTICAL MANIFESTATION OF CADRE DEPLOYMENT ......................... 14 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 14 2.2. Legislative framework of cadre deployment ............................................... 17 2.3. Examples where cadre deployment was a problem ................................... 19 2.4. The relevance of cadre deployment to local government ........................... 24 2.5. Implications of cadre deployment on service delivery ................................. 32 2.6. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 35 Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................ 37 CADRE DEPLOYEMENT AS MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ................................... 37 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 37 3.2. Public management strategy ...................................................................... 41 3.3. Political management strategy ................................................................... 46 3.4. Opposition management strategy .............................................................. 55 3.5. Resource management strategy ................................................................ 58 3.6. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 63 v CHAPTER 4............................................................................................................ 65 CASE STUDY ......................................................................................................... 65 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 65 4.2. Brief overview of Mopani District Municipality ............................................. 74 4.2.1. District level of education ..................................................................... 75 4.2.2. District employee rate .......................................................................... 75 4.2.3. Socio-economic status ........................................................................ 75 4.2.4. Water................................................................................................... 76 4.2.5. Sanitation ............................................................................................ 77 4.2.6. Refuse removal ................................................................................... 77 4.2.7. Health and social development ............................................................ 78 4.2.8. Challenges .......................................................................................... 79 4.2.9. Future municipal plans ........................................................................ 80 4.2.10. Education ......................................................................................... 80 4.3. Greater Tzaneen Local Municipality ........................................................... 81 4.3.1. Population of the Greater Tzaneen Municipality .................................. 81 4.3.2. Water challenges ................................................................................. 82 4.3.3. Electricity ............................................................................................. 82 4.3.4. Employee Equity Plan ......................................................................... 83 4.4. Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality ............................................................. 83 4.4.1. Human Resource Management (HRM)................................................ 84 4.5. Giyani Local Municipality ............................................................................ 84 4.6. Greater Letaba Municipality ....................................................................... 85 4.7. Sampling and methodology ........................................................................ 85 4.7.1. Interview questions directed at Municipal Officials/Managers .............. 86 4.7.2. Interview questions directed at Community Development Workers (CDW’s) ........................................................................................................... 87 4.7.3. Interview questions directed at Traditional leaders/Head-men ............. 87 vi 4.7.4. Interview questions directed at Ward Councillors/Councillors within the affected ward/area falling within the Mopani District ......................................... 88 4.7.5. Interview questions directed mainly to ordinary citizens ....................... 88 4.8. Data analysis ............................................................................................. 89 4.9. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 96 CHAPTER 5............................................................................................................ 98 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................... 98 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 98 5.2. Findings ..................................................................................................... 99 5.3. Conclusions ............................................................................................. 112 5.4. Recommendations ..................................................................................