Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Feeding, swimming and respiration in barnacle larvae (Cirripedia: Thoracica) Candeias, Adriana Award date: 2006 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 FEEDING, SWIMMING AND RESPIRATION IN BARNACLE LARVAE (CIRRIPEDIA: THORACICA) A Thesis submitted to the University of Wales by Adriana Tojinha Candeias for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor School of Ocean Sciences University of Wales - Bangor Porthaethwy (Menai Bridge) Ynys Mon LL59 5AB April 2006 Dedico esta tese aos meus "progenitors", Familia Tojinha Candeias, Manuel & Irene & Humberto. A eles devo quern eu sou eo que consegui. O seu amor e apoio incondicionais guiam-me sempre e mesmo quando a sua presenca fisica nao e permanente, estäo sempre comigo, inspirando-me nas minhas batalhas, nas minhas escolhas, na minha liberdade e no meu crescimento, como adulta e como ser human. 0 seu papel e accäo na sociedade ensinam-me a respeitar ea ser respeitada, a amar e cuidar, a ser honesty e forte, a estar tranquila e alegre, a rir ea näo ter medo, mesmo quando choro. A vida 6 uma coisa muito bonita e neles, eu vejo um Mundo melhor. "Amo-vos mais que ao Sol e it Agua, meus lindos cravos vermelhos". Uandeias, A. T. I dedicate this project to my "progenitors", Family Tojinha Candeias, Manuel & Irene & Humberto. To them I owe who I am and all that I have achieved. Their unconditional love and support have guided me always and although life has brought me apart from their closer contact, they have always been there for me; they have inspired my battles, my choices, my freedom and my growth as an adult and as a human being. Their role and attitude in the society teach me to be respectful and respected by others, to love and care, to be honest and strong, to be gentle and joyful, to laugh and not to fear, even when crying. Life is a beautiful thing and in them, I see a better World. "Amo-vos mais que ao Sol ea Agua, meus lindos cravos vermelhos". i\ FOREWORD i "A experiencia acunuulada, cujo exante e conhecimeutto sOo essenciais - embora abranja uma infinidade de experiencias individuais e contenha sempre ensinamentos e novidades a receber da experiencia individual de coda militante -, e sempre uma experiencia colectiva. " (The accumulated experience, of which examination and acquisition are essential - though integrating an infinite number of individual experiences and always incorporating teachings and novelties from the individual experience of each militant -, it is always a collective experience. ) Alvaro Cunhal (1913-2005) in "0 Partido com Paredes de Vidro", Edicöes Avante, 1985. Candeias, A. T. (2005) i°eeihng. , ýýimmi ýý; ii ic) res >initio in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity not only to thank those who crossed my path for the valued help and support but also to express gratitude for the numerous ways that help was offered. Like different pieces of a puzzle, the contribution of each made this project possible and less solitary. I hope somehow their support is or shall be rewarded. My first acknowledgement is directed to Dr. Andrew Yule from the School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales - Bangor (UWB-SOS), who has supervised this research program. With his permanently inquisitive mind and interest in understanding the biological processesat their deepest level, Andy used questions to answer my scientific problems and motivate me throughout the thinking process. I am most grateful for his dedication in the final part of this thesis and for all the "food for thought" resulting from our discussions. Dr. Jose Molares Villa received me at the Centro de Investigaciöns Marinas de Corön, Xunta de Galicia, Spain (CIMA-Corön), where he provided me with the opportunity to develop my first larval experiments with Pollicipes pollicipes. From the arduous field sampling to the extensive laboratory work, I had the chance to get in contact with the fishermen and went beyond the microscopic approach to the "percebe". His generosity and opennessenhance his capacity as a researcherand for this reason he stands as an inspiring tutor. Still in Galicia, I am grateful for the support of all the staff at CIMA-Corön, particularly to Dr. Alexandro Guerra Diaz, Fatima Linares Cuerpo, Carmen Canosa (IGAFA), Ramon Giräldez Rivero, Maria Isabel Melendez Ramos, Elena Penas Pampin, Maria Carmen Rodriguez, Jose Manuel Martinez, Paula Perez-Larvente, Ramona Maneiro, and also to Gema Pazos Sieiro, Gonzalo Macho and Elias Siaz for their friendship. "Graciflas! ". A special "bico" to Conchi & Jose Rios, who opened their big-hearted doors to me in Vigo. In Portugal, Prof. Alexandra Chicharo, from the Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Algarve, supported me with accessto the facilities and to specimens,allowing me to carry on the practical work both in Algarve and in the UK. A general thanks to the technical staff of this unit. Through out the final three years, this project would not have been possible without the hand of the skilled staff at the UWB - SOS, namely Mr. Malcolm Budd for providing me with excellent UV filtered sea water, innocuous algal cultures (whenever it was possible) and other laboratory support, Mr. Mike Jones for his exceptional work on the rotating wheel device and Mr. David Roberts for photographic and video guidance. Technical support advice from Mr. John Rowlands, Mr. Elwyn Jones, Mr. Len Roberts, Ms. Gillian Roberts, and others, who with their smiles have made SOS a pleasant working place. "Diolch! " I would like to thank several researchersand lecturers who I met along the road that in some way influenced my approach to my work by providing access to material, detailed advice or general "exoteric" discussions over the role of the scientist in the society. They are Prof. Juan Lluis Pretus, the Lucilia Coelho (at IPIMAR - Lisbon), Prof. Jordi Flos, Prof. and late Professor Honorific Ramon Margalef (Facultat de Biologia, Barcelona), Prof. David Jones, Dr. Graham Walker, Dr. Ian Lucas, Dr. Lewis Le Vay, Mr. Andrew Beaumont, Dr. Chris Richardson (at UWB- SOS), Dr. Eugenio Diaz-Iglesias (Univ. La Habana, Cuba) and Dr. Jaime Farbe Lorda (CICESE, Mexico). I am grateful to Joao Mariano for kindly providing his photos from his art-work "Guerreiros do Mar" dedicated to the activity of the "percebeiros", the men who catch the percebesin the most dangerous and rough conditions in the Southwest coast of Portugal. I am in debt to Humberto Candeias and Carla Carvalho who provided the pictures of Pollicfpes pollicipes while enjoying this delicacy in Lisbon, and to Dr. Greg Carson for his patient proof reading of this manuscript. da Ciencia, This study was funded by Fundagdo para a Ciencia ea Tecnologia - Ministerio Minister Inovacäo e Ensino Superior (Foundation for Science and Technology - Portuguese of Science), with grants ref. PRAXIS XXI BMD 19255/99 and PRAXIS XXI/BD/17320/99. C'<i»sltiýýs; A. T. (2(X) 3) F(, cding, ww ; mming; rid 1-('spir-Winn in 'MT-!I: Ic1 ' hr, )r, Vi Since I left home to expand my scientific education, I wished I could have carried my friends with me to enjoy their company throughout my travels. Nevertheless, their friendship has been present, even when physical distance was a barrier. My research was inspired by the most valuable assistance spread out in countries like Portugal, Spain, France, Cuba, Holland, Germany and the UK. The background was shared with old friends who have stayed as a reference, such as Martinha Mega Rufino & Sofialinhas Seca, Pedro Roxo, Rui Meira, Sara Freitas and Mrs. Maria Emilia dos Santos Almeida. I am grateful to have Joana "framboesa" Vicente, Ines "caracolinhos" Rosa, and Marga Latorre in my life, three wonderful, brave and inspiring women who I have shared many "telepathic" teas. It is wonderful to know I can count on the friendships of David Iglesias ("el jefe de los berberechos") and of Eric Smet (we keep admiring the moon! ). Initial words of support and strength were given by Maria Manuel Angelico, Nuno "Mfanito" Simbes & Malte Mascarö and the dear late Fernando Simöes, who demonstrated courage and astutenessto achieve their goals. Tender and loving words always arrived from Inti and Emila Santana,my Cuban brothers and sister Carlos, Jorge and Betina and family Palenzuela-Corcho, whose solidarity has crossed frontiers. I was energized and comforted by the friendship of Carla Carvalho, the prettiest face in the "little box". Beyond the magnificent walls of Kinnersley castle in South of Wales, "beijinhos" to Jack Bailey, Marion Ludwig, Louise Midgley, Steve Ellis, Dai Jarman, Sue Averis, Brian & Pat, and my dance students for their inspiration. In Menai Bridge I thank Gordon McGee & The Wilsons for providing me with shelter at the wonderful Blue House where I lived all these years looking at the beautiful and stirring Menai Straits. For their encouragement and smiles Jennie Holloway & family; Gloria dos Santos Pereira & Rubina Rodrigues; Marika Galanidi; my fellow PhD students Eduardo "Lall" Garcia-Santaella, Enrique Olivares, Claudia Castellani, Adrian Alazri, Mohammed Al-Rumaidh and Hamdan; Duarte Tito; Marc Walton & Mar Otero, Martin Skov; and Andrea del Campo.