Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000 - 2004 Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000 - 2004 Central Bank of Chile AUTHORITIES OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF CHILE (At 31 December 2004) CENTRAL BANK BOARD VITTORIO CORBO LIOI Governor JOSÉ DE GREGORIO REBECO Vice-Governor JORGE DESORMEAUX JIMÉNEZ Board Member JOSÉ MANUEL MARFÁN LEWIS Board Member MANAGERS MARÍA ELENA OVALLE MOLINA Board Member EDUARDO A RRIAGADA CARDINI Communications MABEL CABEZAS BULLEMORE Logistical Services and Security CECILIA FELIÚ CARRIZO CAMILO CARRASCO A LFONSO Human Resources General Manager JERÓNIMO GARCÍA CAÑETE MIGUEL ÁNGEL NACRUR GAZALI Informatics General Counsel PABLO GARCÍA SILVA Macroeconomic Analysis JOSÉ MANUEL GARRIDO BOUZO Financial Analysis LUIS A LEJANDRO GONZÁLEZ BANNURA DIVISION MANAGERS Accounting and Administration LUIS ÓSCAR HERRERA BARRIGA JUAN ESTEBAN LAVAL ZALDÍVAR Financial Policy Chief Counsel ESTEBAN JADRESIC MARINOVIC SERGIO LEHMANN BERESI International Affairs International Analysis CARLOS PEREIRA A LBORNOZ IVÁN EDUARDO MONTOYA LARA Management and Development General Treasurer RODRIGO V ALDÉS PULIDO GLORIA PEÑA T APIA Research Foreign Trade and Trade Policy JORGE PÉREZ ETCHEGARAY Monetary Operations CRISTIÁN SALINAS CERDA Internacional Investment KLAUS SCHMIDT-HEBBEL DUNKER Economic Research MARIO ULLOA LÓPEZ General Auditor RICARDO V ICUÑA POBLETE Information and Statistics Research 3 Central Bank of Chile TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL BACKGROUND 7 Location and area, boundaries, climate and natural resources 7 Temperature, rainfall and environmental pollution of main Chilean towns 8 POPULATION 10 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 12 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS 14 Main indicators of the domestic economy 14 National accounts 16 Public finances 19 Agriculture, fruitgrowing, forestry, livestock and fishing 20 Mining 25 Manufacturing 26 Construction 30 Energy 32 Transport 34 Communications 35 Tourism 35 Prices 36 Money and banking 40 Interest rates 41 Balance of payments 43 Balance of trade by product 44 Foreign trade 44 Foreign debt 48 Direct foreign investment under DL 600 49 Employment and wages 49 Social indicators 52 Selected welfare indicators 53 Sources 54 5 Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000-2004 MAP OF CHILE BY REGIONS 6 Central Bank of Chile GENERAL BACKGROUND (A) LOCATION AND AREA: Chile is located in the southwest of South America stretching as far south in the Antarctica as to the South Pole itself and with its westernmost province, Easter Island, in the South Pacific Ocean. On the American continent, Chile stretches from 17°30' S at the northern boundary to 56°32' S at the southernmost tip of South America. The Chilean Antarctic Territory comprises the whole of the area located south of the 60° S, between meridians 53° and 90° W as far as the South Pole at 90° S. The national territory comprises several islands in the Pacific Ocean, which add to the country's territorial waters. The nearest to the continent are the islands that form the Juan Fernández archipelago, and San Félix and San Ambrosio islands. The most distant from the mainland are Salas y Gómez and Easter Island or Rapa Nui. The latter is located at 27° S and 109°30' W, opposite the port of Caldera and 3,760 kilometers away from the mainland. From the Concordia line to the South Pole, the country is over 8,000 kilometers long. The area of South American, Antarctic and Oceanic Chile is 2,006,096 sq km, with 756,096 sq km corresponding to South American and insular Chile and 1,250,000 sq km to the Chilean Antarctic Territory. SOUTH AMERICAN AND INSULAR CHILE 756,096 sq km Cropland 16,560 sq km Grazing land 129,300 sq km Forest land 84,200 sq km Non-productive land 526,036 sq km CHILEAN ANTARCTIC TERRITORY 1,250,000 sq km TOTAL 2,006,096 sq km BOUNDARIES Chile is bounded on the north by Peru, by a border line known as Línea de la Concordia; on the east by Bolivia and Argentina, mainly by a line that runs through the highest summits of the Andes; on the south by the South Pole, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean, including 200 nautical miles of territorial waters. CLIMATE AND NATURAL RESOURCES : The North: Climate: Warm desert. Natural resources: Nitrate, copper, iron, lithium and other minerals, valleys suited for agriculture and sea foods. The Center: Climate: Mild and temperate, with rains in winter. Natural resources: Agricultural lands especially suitable for fruitgrowing, grazing lands, forests, hydroelectric power (rivers), copper and sea foods. The South: Climate: Temperate and rainy. Natural resources: Agricultural and grazing lands, forests, hydroelectric power (rivers) and sea foods. The Far South: Climate: Cold steppe. Natural resources: Forests, petroleum, natural gas, coal, limestone, sheep and sea foods. 7 Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000-2004 TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OF MAIN CHILEAN TOWNS: (A) (B) (C) (Temperatures in centigrades and annual precipitation in millimeters) Town 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Arica (Chacalluta) Annual mean temperature 18.7 18.9 19.0 18.9 18.7 Annual precipitation 4.1 2.3 9.3 0.9 0.0 Iquique (Diego Aracena) Annual mean temperature 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.2 18.0 Annual precipitation - 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 Antofagasta (Cerro Moreno) Annual mean temperature 16.3 16.5 16.6 16.6 16.4 Annual precipitation 4.2 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.6 Copiapó (Chamonate) Annual mean temperature 15.3 15.3 15.5 15.2 15.3 Annual precipitation 30.8 0.0 19.9 0.6 7.6 La Serena (La Florida) Annual mean temperature 13.5 13.8 13.9 13.5 13.5 Annual precipitation 104.1 139.7 188.2 92.0 99.3 Valparaíso (Jardín Botánico) Annual mean temperature 13.7 14.2 14.2 14.1 14.2 Annual precipitation 820.4 645.8 1,022.9 292.8 455.4 Isla de Pascua (Mataveri) Annual mean temperature 21.2 21.3 21.3 20.8 20.8 Annual precipitation 1,614.2 965.9 1,134.1 1,230.8 1,132.4 Santiago (Quinta Normal) Annual mean temperature 14.7 15.0 14.7 15.2 14.8 Annual precipitation 473.9 311.9 600.8 224.9 353.8 Isla Juan Fernández (Robinson Crusoe) Annual mean temperature 14.9 15.1 14.7 15.2 14.9 Annual precipitation 1,200.0 999.8 1.403.2 852.7 852.4 Curicó (General Freire) Annual mean temperature - - - - - Annual precipitation 859.1 739.9 1,064.2 525.2 546.3 Chillán (Bernardo O'Higgins) Annual mean temperature 12.7 - - - - Annual precipitation 1,095.2 1,219.5 1,227.8 687.3 958.0 Concepción (Carriel Sur) Annual mean temperature 12.4 12.1 11.8 12.5 12.6 Annual precipitation 1,406.4 1,358.6 1,363.2 871.7 1,126.9 8 Central Bank of Chile 19992000 20002001 20012002 20022003 20032004 Temuco (Maquehue) Annual mean temperature 11.1 11.3 11.1 11.1 11.5 Annual precipitation 1,395.0 1,146.1 1,476.1 975.5 1,234.1 Valdivia (Pichoy) Annual mean temperature 10.8 - - - - Annual precipitation 2,063.3 1,874.9 2,219.2 1,796.0 1,239.1 Osorno (Cañal Bajo) Annual mean temperature 10.4 - - - - Annual precipitation 1,394.2 1,295.8 1,644.5 1,140.3 1,351.9 Puerto Montt (El Tepual) Annual mean temperature 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.1 10.5 Annual precipitation 1,615.2 1,652.7 2,034.3 1,411.4 1,557.5 Coihaique (Teniente Vidal) Annual mean temperature 7.5 7.7 7.6 8.2 8.8 Annual precipitation 924.2 1,124.0 1,247.3 1,204.9 1,078.8 Punta Arenas (Carlos Ibáñez del Campo) Annual mean temperature 5.7 5.8 5.5 6.5 7.2 Annual precipitation 417.8 411.3 378.4 514.2 383.2 Base Antártica Presidente Frei M. Annual mean temperature -1.8 -1.8 -2.6 -2.1 -1.6 Annual precipitation 359.3 348.8 479.9 344.7 456.0 Temperatures and Rainfall in Santiago Quinta Normal Station (33º 27' S, 70º 42' W, Alt. 520 m) Rainfall Mean monthly temperature (mm) Tº C 100 25 90 80 20 70 60 15 50 40 10 30 20 5 10 0 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Source: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile / National Meteorological Division. 9 Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000-2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Environmental pollution statistics in the Santiago Metropolitan Region (*) (Annual averages of sampling stations) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (Parts per billion) 8 7 5 4 (n.a.) Particles in suspension MP 10 fraction (µg/cubic meter) 72 71 71 69 (n.a.) MP 2.5 fraction (µg/cubic meter) 35 36 36 34 (n.a.) Ozone Number of times the norm is exceeded (Parts per billion) 555 557 241 (n.a.) (n.a.) POPULATION (A) GENERAL BACKGROUND: According to past censuses, in 1835, Chile had a population of 1,103,036; in 1895, 2,695,625; in 1907, 3,231,022; in 1940, 5,023,539; in 1960, 7,374,115; in 1970, 8,884,768; in 1982, 11,329,736; in 1992 13,348,401; and the latest 2002 population census registered 15,116,435 inhabitants. This steady growth of the population is mainly due, on one hand, to moderately high birth rates (until 1962, the birth rate was 38 in a thousand, on average) and a decreasing mortality rate, and on the other hand, to an increasingly longer life expectancy (from 67.2 years in 1975 to 70.7 years in 1980 to 75.4 years in 1999 and to 77.08 years in 2002).