Republic of Mauritius THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management October 2016 THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION REPORT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF MAURITIUS Republic of Mauritius Third National Communication Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ©2016 Government of Mauritius All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission for Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management and the United Nations Environment Programme. Suggested citation Republic of Mauritius (2016). Third National Communication: Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Republic of Mauritius, Port Louis Contact Climate Change Division Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management Ken Lee Tower, Corner Barracks & St Georges Streets, Port Louis, Mauritius Tel: + (230) 203 6200, + (230) 210 5151, + (230) 210 5252 (Hotline) Fax: + (230) 212 9407 E-mail E-mail:[email protected] Web: http://environment.gov.mu Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management - TNC Report 2016 |iv Table of Contents Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................i x Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................ xi Contributors .......................................................................................................................................... xii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... xv List of Boxes ........................................................................................................................................ xvii List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... xviii Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... xxi Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... xxv Chapter 1 NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ....................... 1 NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Climate and Climate variability ............................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Temperature .................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Rainfall ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 Sea level .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.4 Extreme weather events .................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Disaster risk reduction and management .............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Population and other vital statistics ...................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Education, including scientific and technical research institutions ...................................................... 6 1.5.1 Primary ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.2 Secondary ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.3 Tertiary ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.4 Informal education .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.5 Scientific and technical research institutions .................................................................................. 6 1.6 Economy ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1.7 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................ 9 1.7.1 Sugar sector .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.7.2 Non-sugar sector ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.8 Land use, Land use change and Forestry (LULUCF) ......................................................................... 10 1.9 Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.10 Water resources .................................................................................................................................. 12 1.11 Coastal management and Tourism...................................................................................................... 13 1.12 Fisheries .......................................................................................................................................... 14 1.13 Energy sector ...................................................................................................................................... 15 1.14 Transport .......................................................................................................................................... 16 1.15 Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................................... 16 1.16 Health and Social services .................................................................................................................. 18 1.16.1 Health services ......................................................................................................................... 18 1.16.2 Social services .......................................................................................................................... 18 Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management – TNC Report 2016| v Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management – TNC Report 2016 | i 1.17 Waste management ............................................................................................................................. 19 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PERIODIC DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 21 1.18 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 21 1.19 Institutional arrangement under the TNC ........................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 2 NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY ........................................................ 25 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 25 2.2 Overview of the inventory .................................................................................................................. 25 2.3 Brief description of institutional set up .............................................................................................. 25 2.4 Data collection .................................................................................................................................... 27 2.5 Brief description of methodology ....................................................................................................... 27 2.6 Summary of aggregated emissions/removals trends ........................................................................... 28 2.6.1 Emission trend by sector ............................................................................................................... 28 2.6.1.1 Energy sector .................................................................................................. 30 2.6.1.2 IPPU sector ..................................................................................................... 31 2.6.1.3 AFOLU sector ...............................................................................................