State Action Plan [SAPCC- Bihar] on Climate Change Government of Bihar 2015 Supported by United Nations Development Programme Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................... v List of Figures .................................................................................................................. vi Abbreviations/Acronyms ................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... xiii 1. Background ................................................................................................................... xiii 2. Framework ........................................................................................................................ xiv 3. Focus Sector Strategies and Interventions ........................................................................... xv 4. Financial Projections for implementation of SAPCC ........................................................... xviii 5. Endorsement by National Steering Committee on Climate change, MoEF&CC ......................xix Introduction ................................................................................................................. - 1 - Background and Context ...................................................................................................... - 1 - The National Context ............................................................................................................ - 1 - The Bihar Context ................................................................................................................. - 2 - Bihar - ‘Building Resilience’ ................................................................................................... - 3 - BAPCC Preparation Process .................................................................................................. - 4 - 1. State Profile ........................................................................................................... - 6 - 1.1 Location and Physiography ........................................................................................ - 6 - 1.2 Demographic and Human Development Profile .......................................................... - 8 - 1.3 Economy ................................................................................................................. - 10 - 1.4 Focus Sectors .......................................................................................................... - 14 - 1.4.1 Agriculture and Allied Sectors .............................................................................. - 14 - 1.4.2 Forests and Biodiversity ....................................................................................... - 14 - 1.4.3 Water Resources ................................................................................................. - 15 - 1.4.4 Disaster Management .......................................................................................... - 15 - 1.4.5 Urban Development ............................................................................................ - 15 - 1.4.6 Transport ............................................................................................................ - 15 - 1.4.7 Energy ................................................................................................................. - 16 - 1.4.8 Industries and Mining .......................................................................................... - 16 - 1.4.9 Human Health ..................................................................................................... - 16 - 2. Climate Profile of the State .................................................................................. - 17 - State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC)-Jan 2015 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ - 17 - 2.2 Climate Change Scenarios ........................................................................................ - 17 - 2.3 Key Conclusions ...................................................................................................... - 19 - 3. Overarching State Framework ............................................................................. - 21 - 3.1 State Vision and Commitment ................................................................................. - 21 - 3.2 Overall Approach, Principles, and Strategies ............................................................ - 21 - 4. Sectoral Implementation Approaches .................................................................. - 31 - 4.1 Overall Common Implementation Framework ......................................................... - 31 - 5. Agriculture and Allied Sectors .............................................................................. - 33 - 5.1 Overview, Characteristics and Status ....................................................................... - 33 - 5.2 Key Issues ............................................................................................................... - 37 - 5.3 Priorities ................................................................................................................. - 37 - 5.4 Perceived Climate Impacts ....................................................................................... - 39 - 5.5 Strategies ................................................................................................................ - 46 - 5.6 Institutional Linkages and Stakeholders ................................................................... - 48 - 5.7 Linkages with the NAPCC ......................................................................................... - 48 - 5.8 Sectoral Action Plan and Budgets under the BAPCC .................................................. - 48 - 6. Forests and Biodiversity ....................................................................................... - 49 - 6.1 Overview, Characteristics and Status ....................................................................... - 49 - 6.2 Key Issues ............................................................................................................... - 57 - 6.3 Priorities ................................................................................................................. - 57 - 6.4 Perceived Climate Impacts ....................................................................................... - 59 - 6.5 Strategies ................................................................................................................ - 59 - 6.6 Institutional Linkages and Stakeholders ................................................................... - 64 - 6.7 Linkages with the NAPCC ......................................................................................... - 64 - 6.8 Sectoral Action Plan and Budgets under the BAPCC .................................................. - 64 - 7. Water Resources .................................................................................................. - 65 - 7.1 Overview, Characteristics and Status ....................................................................... - 65 - 7.1.1 River Basins and Rivers ................................................................................. - 65 - 7.2 Key Issues ............................................................................................................... - 68 - 7.3 Priorities ................................................................................................................. - 69 - 7.4 Perceived Climate Impacts ....................................................................................... - 70 - 7.5 Strategies ................................................................................................................ - 72 - ii State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC)-Jan 2015 7.6 Institutional Linkages and Stakeholders ................................................................... - 74 - 7.7 Linkages with the NAPCC ......................................................................................... - 74 - 7.8 Sectoral Action Plan and Budgets under the BAPCC .................................................. - 74 - 8. Disaster Management ......................................................................................... - 75 - 8.1 Overview, Characteristics and Status ................................................................ - 75 - 8.2 Key Issues ..................................................................................................................... - 78 - 8.3 Priorities....................................................................................................................... - 79 - 8.4 Perceived Climate Impacts ............................................................................................ - 80 - 8.5 Strategies ..................................................................................................................... - 80 - 8.6 Institutional Linkages and Stakeholders ................................................................... - 84 - 8.7 Linkages with the