The GLMRIS Report Appendix B - Affected Environment USACE 01/06/2014 CONTENTS B.1 AFFECTED RESOURCES BASELINE AND FUTURE-WITHOUT-PROJECT CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................ B-1 B.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... B-1 B.1.1.1 Appendix Purpose and Structure ............................................................................................. B-1 B.1.1.2 Study Area Boundaries .................................................................................................................. B-1 B.1.1.3 Great Lakes Basin Natural History Overview...................................................................... B-1 B.1.1.4 Upper Mississippi River Basin Natural History Overview ............................................ B-2 B.1.1.5 Chicago Area Waterways Study Area ..................................................................................... B-3 B.1.1.5.1 Control and Management of Flow in the CAWS .......................................................... B-3 B.1.1.5.2 Descriptions of Waterways ................................................................................................... B-5 B.1.1.5.3 Water Quality Structures on CAWS ................................................................................ B-18 B.1.1.5.4 Combined Sewer Overflows .............................................................................................. B-19 B.1.2 Physical Resources .......................................................................................................... B-21 B.1.2.1 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................................ B-21 B.1.2.2 Water Quality ................................................................................................................................. B-22 B.1.2.2.1 Water Quality Standards ..................................................................................................... B-22 B.1.2.2.2 Impaired Waters ..................................................................................................................... B-23 B.1.2.2.3 Point Sources ............................................................................................................................ B-24 B.1.2.2.4 Nonpoint Sources.................................................................................................................... B-27 B.1.2.3 Sediment Quality ........................................................................................................................... B-28 B.1.2.3.1 Chicago River ............................................................................................................................ B-28 B.1.2.3.2 South Fork South Branch of the Chicago River ........................................................ B-29 B.1.2.3.3 Chicago Sanitary and Shipping Canal (CSSC) ............................................................ B-29 B.1.2.3.4 Calumet River ........................................................................................................................... B-29 B.1.2.3.5 Grand Calumet River ............................................................................................................. B-29 B.1.2.3.6 Little Calumet River ............................................................................................................... B-30 B.1.2.3.7 Cal-Sag Channel ....................................................................................................................... B-30 B.1.2.4 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................... B-30 B.1.2.5 Hydrology and Hydraulics ........................................................................................................ B-31 B.1.2.5.1 Hydrology of the CAWS ........................................................................................................ B-34 B.1.3 Biological Resources ....................................................................................................... B-35 B.1.3.1 Summary of CAWS Area Habitat ............................................................................................ B-35 B.1.3.1.1 Lake Michigan ........................................................................................................................... B-35 B.1.3.1.2 North Shore Channel ............................................................................................................. B-36 B.1.3.1.3 Chicago River North Branch .............................................................................................. B-36 B.1.3.1.4 Chicago River and Sanitary & Ship Canal .................................................................... B-36 B.1.3.1.5 Cal-Sag Channel ....................................................................................................................... B-36 B.1.3.1.6 Lake Calumet ............................................................................................................................. B-37 B.1.3.1.7 Little Calumet River and Burns Ditch ........................................................................... B-37 B.1.3.1.8 Des Plaines River..................................................................................................................... B-37 B.1.3.2 Plant Communities ....................................................................................................................... B-37 B.1.3.3 Macroinvertebrates ..................................................................................................................... B-38 B.1.3.4 Fishes ................................................................................................................................................. B-39 B.1.3.5 Reptiles and Amphibians .......................................................................................................... B-39 B.1.3.6 Birds ................................................................................................................................................... B-40 B.1.3.7 Mammals .......................................................................................................................................... B-40 B.1.3.8 Aquatic Nuisance Species .......................................................................................................... B-41 B.1.3.9 Summary of CAWS Natural Areas and Parks .................................................................... B-41 B.1.3.10 Threatened and Endangered Species .................................................................................. B-42 B-i CONTENTS (CONT.) B.1.4 Cultural and Archeological Resources ...................................................................... B-44 B.1.4.1 Prehistoric and Historic Archeological Sites .................................................................... B-44 B.1.4.2 Historic Structures ....................................................................................................................... B-44 B.1.4.2.1 Illinois ........................................................................................................................................... B-44 B.1.4.2.2 Chicago ......................................................................................................................................... B-44 B.1.4.2.3 Indiana ......................................................................................................................................... B-44 B.1.5 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................... B-44 B.1.6 Recreation ........................................................................................................................... B-45 B.1.7 Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Wastes ............................................................ B-45 B.2 SPECIFIC FUTURE WITHOUT-PROJECT CONDITION ASSESSMENTS .................. B-46 B.2.1 ANS Risk Assessment ...................................................................................................... B-46 B.2.1.1 CAWS Pathway-Specific Risks ................................................................................................. B-46 B.2.1.2 ANS Risk Assessment Baseline Conditions ....................................................................... B-47 B.2.1.3 ANS Risk Assessment Future without-Project Condition Results .......................... B-49 B.2.2 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Assessment ..................................................................... B-51 B.2.2.1 Hydrologic Modeling ................................................................................................................... B-52 B.2.2.2 Hydraulic Modeling ..................................................................................................................... B-52 B.2.2.3 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Baseline Conditions............................................................... B-52 B.2.2.3.1 Critical Duration ...................................................................................................................... B-52 B.2.2.3.2 Maximum Water Levels on CAWS .................................................................................