ILUNRM – report Gerigat, Malaysia April 2008 Development and limitations of the livelihoods and natural resources in Gerigat, Sarawak, Malaysia ILUNRM‐Course Faculty of LIFE Sciences University of Copenhagen, Denmark Frederiksberg, 10th of April 2008 Elzélina van Melle Ida Tingman Møller Berdi Aaltje Bernardette Doornebosch Laust Christian Prosch Sidelmann Nielsen Supervisors: Andreas de Neergaard and Michael Eilenberg 1 ILUNRM – report Gerigat, Malaysia April 2008 Contents Contents ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Contributing authors ................................................................................................................................. 6 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Research questions .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Background ................................................................................................................................................ 10 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 Geographical and history description ............................................................................................................ 12 Village organisation ................................................................................................................................................ 13 Activities...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Socio­Economics and human dynamics ........................................................................................... 15 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 15 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Agriculture ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 23 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Forest resources....................................................................................................................................... 27 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 27 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Aquaculture and Fishing ....................................................................................................................... 32 2 ILUNRM – report Gerigat, Malaysia April 2008 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 32 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Prawn pond ................................................................................................................................................................ 35 The Fish cages ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 The city ........................................................................................................................................................................ 36 Waste management and sanitation ................................................................................................... 37 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 37 Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Tourism in Gerigat .................................................................................................................................. 40 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................. 45 References .................................................................................................................................................. 47 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 48 Semi ‐ structured interview for the young People of Gerigat (16‐25 years old) ......................... 48 14‐15‐16 of March .................................................................................................................................................. 48 Semi ‐ structured interview to the Headmen, 10th of March ................................................................ 48 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 Interview to the headman and farmers in the mango fields: ............................................................... 50 Interview of Mamajam (farmer and fisherman): ...................................................................................... 51 Interview to the prawn farm local manager ................................................................................................ 51 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 52 Informal interview to ISMAEL, Fisherman: ................................................................................................. 52 3 ILUNRM – report Gerigat, Malaysia April 2008 Informal interview to one of the Headmen: ................................................................................................ 52 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 54 Interview with Mr. Tiong ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 56 Interview with the prawn farm manager ..................................................................................................... 56 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................................