Asian Application Developer’s Guide Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043-1100 U.S.A. Part No: 802-7789 June 1997 Copyright 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, SunSoft, SunDocs, SunExpress, and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and SunTM Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227–14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227–19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227–7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202–3(a). DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. Copyright 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, Californie 94303-4900 Etats-Unis. Tous droits réservés. Ce produit ou document est protégé par un copyright et distribué avec des licences qui en restreignent l’utilisation, la copie, la distribution, et la décompilation. Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut être reproduite sous aucune forme, par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans l’autorisation préalable et écrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence, s’il y en a. Le logiciel détenu par des tiers, et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères, est protégé par un copyright et licencié par des fournisseurs de Sun. Des parties de ce produit pourront être dérivées du système Berkeley BSD licenciés par l’Université de Californie. UNIX est une marque déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, le logo Sun, SunSoft, SunDocs, SunExpress, et Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées, ou marques de service, de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. L’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et SunTM a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés. Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d’utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l’industrie de l’informatique. Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun. CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE “EN L’ETAT” ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N’EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L’APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE, OU LE FAIT QU’ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS. CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE S’APPLIQUERAIT PAS, DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU. Please Recycle Contents Preface vii 1. System Environment 1 Asian Solaris Operating Environment Locales 1 Asian Locale Files 2 CDE Message Files 3 fonts Directory 3 print Directory 3 app-defaults Directory 4 CDE Configuration Directory 4 CDE Action and Data Type Definition Directory 4 2. Language Environment and Character Codes 5 Extended UNIX Code (EUC) 5 EUC Definition 6 EUC Special Characters 7 Wide Character (WC) 7 Korean Solaris Supported Character Sets 7 The ko.UTF-8 Locale 8 Simplified Chinese Solaris Supported Character Sets 9 Traditional Chinese Solaris Supported Character Sets 9 Contents iii 3. The Codeset Conversion Utility 11 Code Set Conversion Modules for Korean 11 Conversion for Korean EUC Character Codes 11 Conversion for ko.UTF-8 Character Codes 12 Code Set Conversion Modules for Simplified Chinese 13 Code Set Conversion Modules for Traditional Chinese 13 4. Asian Solaris Fonts 15 Korean Fonts 15 Simplified Chinese Fonts 16 Traditional Chinese Fonts 17 Programmer’s Font Set Functions 18 Editing Fonts with fontedit 18 Adding Bitmap Fonts 19 Viewing Bitmap Fonts 20 More on Font Encoding and Editing Fonts 21 Font Lists 22 Korean Font Lists 22 Korean UTF-8 Font Lists 23 Simplified Chinese Font Lists 24 Traditional Chinese (zh_TW) Font Lists 25 Traditional Chinese (zh_TW.BIG5) Font Lists 26 Displaying PostScript Fonts 27 5. X Input Method Architecture 29 Overview of the X Window System Input Method (XIM) 29 Architecture of XIM 30 XIM Protocol Interface 31 IM Server 32 Setting Status and Preedit Styles 33 iv Asian Application Developer’s Guide ♦ June 1997 Status Styles 34 Preedit Styles 34 On-the-Spot Style 35 Over-the-Spot Style 37 Off-the-Spot Style 45 Root-Window Style 46 Toolkit Use and Application Interfaces 48 6. Display PostScript System (DPS) 49 Using Korean PostScript Fonts and DPS Facilities 49 Creating Composite Fonts for Korean DPS 52 Using Korean Fonts in DPS Programming 52 Using Simplified Chinese PostScript Fonts and DPS Facilities 54 Creating Composite Roman and Simplified Chinese Fonts 55 Using Simplified Chinese Fonts in DPS Programming 56 Using Traditional Chinese PostScript Fonts and DPS Facilities 57 Creating Composite Roman and Traditional Chinese Fonts 59 Using Traditional Chinese Fonts in DPS Programming 60 A. OpenWindows Information 63 System Environment 63 Asian OpenWindows locale Environment 63 xview Directory 64 Font Information 65 Using Bitmap Fonts with XView Applications 65 Font Sets 66 XIM 73 Setting Status and Preedit Styles 73 B. Backward Compatibility Information 75 Asian Locale-Specific Utilities 75 Contents v Asian-Specific Utilities 79 Conversion Utilities 80 Conversion for Simplified Chinese Character Codes 83 Conversion for Traditional Chinese Character Codes 84 Index 87 vi Asian Application Developer’s Guide ♦ June 1997 Preface Asian Application Developer’s Guide provides application development information specific to the operation of the following three separate Sun® products, which are identified generically as Asian SolarisTM software: Korean Solaris software Simplified Chinese Solaris software Traditional Chinese Solaris software This documentation complements Sun’s standard Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and Solaris base-release product documentation. It includes information that advanced users and developers can use to access and control the Korean or Chinese language-related features of Asian Solaris software. Who Should Use This Book You should already be familiar (but need not be expert) with Solaris, the windowing environment you are using, and their documentation. You should read this manual if: You need specific instructions on how to set up Korean or Chinese Solaris language features for users. You are a developer who has not used the Korean or Chinese Solaris operating environment before. You are a developer who needs information on accessing and controlling the Korean- or Chinese-related features of Asian Solaris software. You are an advanced user who wants to use or customize Korean- or Chinese-related features of Asian Solaris software. Preface vii You want information on a variety of Korean- or Chinese-related details internal to the operation of Asian Solaris software. Before You Read This Book Before you read this book, read Common Desktop Environment: Internationalization Programmer’s Guide and Solaris Internationalization Guide for Developers for basic internationalization issues. You should also read an overview of your Asian Solaris product and last-minute changes not included in this document. The following documents contain this information: The release overview for your Asian Solaris locale Asian Solaris Release and Installation Notes (Intel Platform Edition) Asian Solaris Release and Installation Notes (SPARC Platform Edition) Solaris Advanced Installation Guide Information Library for Solaris (Intel Platform Edition) Information Library for Solaris (SPARC Platform Edition) How This Book Is Organized Each chapter of Asian Application Developer’s Guide addresses a different aspect of development for a Korean or Chinese feature of Asian Solaris software. Some chapters give step by step instructions for using or customizing product features. Chapter 1 describes the Asian Solaris locale environments. Chapter 2 describes the mechanisms for handling different character sets and multiple code sets. Chapter 3 describes the iconv library, a conversion utility for character-based code. Chapter 4 describes the fonts and font sets that come with the software and shows basic ways to use them.