FAMILY Ephippidae Bleeker, 1859 – spadefishes GENUS Chaetodipterus Lacepede, 1802 [=Chaetodipterus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:503, Parephippus Gill [T. N.] 1861:165] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Masc. Chaetodon plumieri Bloch 1787. Type by monotypy. Chetodipterus Rafinesque 1815:83 [ref. 3584] an incorrect subsequent spelling. •Valid as Chaetodipterus Lacepède 1802 -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:385 [ref. 14275], Johnson 1984:465 [ref. 9681], Desoutter 1986:340 [ref. 6212], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:455 [ref. 24550], Burgess 2003:1799 [ref. 27101]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodipterus Lacepède 1802. Ephippidae. (Parephippus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13; ref. 1775] Masc. Ephippus gigas Cuvier 1829. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Chaetodipterus Lacepède 1802 -- (Desoutter 1986:340 [ref. 6212] but with wrong type). Current status: Synonym of Chaetodipterus Lacepède 1802. Ephippidae. Species Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) [=Chaetodon faber Broussonet [P. M. A.] 1782:[27], Pl. [6], Ephippus gigas Cuvier [G.] 1829:191, Chaetodon oviformis Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:247, Chaetodon plumieri Bloch [M. E.] 1787:104, Pl. 211 (fig. 1), Selene quadrangularis Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:561, 564, Zeus quadratus Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:72, Zeus quadratus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1225] Notes: [Ichthyologia, sistens piscium descriptiones et icones. Decas I.; ref. 17287] Jamaica. Mus. Banks (apparently lost). Current status: Valid as Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782). Ephippidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (gigas) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] America. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782). Ephippidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (oviformis) [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 4) (art. 1); ref. 17774] Long Island, New York, U.S.A., Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782). Ephippidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (plumieri) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] West Indies. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782). Ephippidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (quadrangularis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Jamaica. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782). Ephippidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (quadratus B) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Jamaica. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782). Ephippidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (quadratus G) [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Jamaica. Current status: Synonym of Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782). Ephippidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Chaetodipterus lippei Steindachner, 1895 [=Chaetodipterus lippei Steindachner [F.] 1895:180] Notes: [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 18) (for 11 July 1895); ref. 14587] Freetown, Liberia. Current status: Valid as Chaetodipterus lippei Steindachner 1895. Ephippidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Chaetodipterus zonatus (Girard, 1858) [=Ephippus zonatus Girard [C. F.] 1858:110] Notes: [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Off San Diego, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Chaetodipterus zonatus (Girard 1858). Ephippidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. GENUS Ephippus Cuvier, 1816 [=Ephippus Cuvier [G.] 1816:335, Ilarches Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1142 [160]] Notes: [Le Règne Animal v. 2; ref. 993] Masc. Chaetodon orbis Bloch 1787. Type by subsequent designation. Type as given by Jordan 1917:105 [ref. 2407]. Type possibly E. argus of Bloch as designated by Bleeker 1876:302 [ref. 448] for Cuvier 1817 [=1816] but not Cuvier 1829 which would upset current usage of Scatophagus. Jordan indicated that type was restricted by Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831 [ref. 4881], but they apparently did not fix the type. ICZN Case 3528 (Kottelat 2010:303 [ref. 31206]) fixes the type (ICZN 2012) as orbis. •Synonym of Chaetodipterus Lacepède 1801 -- (Smith 1986:605 [ref. 5712]). •Valid as Ephippus Cuvier 1816 -- (Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:181 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 2001:3612 [ref. 26298], Kottelat 2010:303 [ref. 31206], Kottelat 2013:437 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Ephippus Cuvier 1816. Ephippidae. (Ilarches) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Masc. Chaetodon orbis Bloch 1787. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Ephippus Cuvier 1816, not preoccupied by Ephippium Latreille 1802 in Diptera. On page 160 of separate. •Objective synonym of Ephippus Cuvier 1816. Current status: Synonym of Ephippus Cuvier 1816. Ephippidae. Species Ephippus goreensis Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 [=Ephippus goreensis Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:125, Pl. 178] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Gorée, Senegal. Current status: Valid as Ephippus goreensis Cuvier 1831. Ephippidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787) [=Chaetodon orbis Bloch [M. E.] 1787:81, Pl. 202 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Current status: Valid as Ephippus orbis (Bloch 1787). Ephippidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India east to Philippines, north to southern China. Habitat: marine. GENUS Parapsettus Steindachner, 1876 [=Parapsettus (subgenus of Psettus) Steindachner [F.] 1876:78] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] Masc. Psettus (Parapsettus) panamensis Steindachner 1876. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Parapsettus Steindachner 1876 -- (Johnson 1984:465 [ref. 9681], Smith 1986:605 [ref. 5712], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:457 [ref. 24550]). Current status: Valid as Parapsettus Steindachner 1876. Ephippidae. Species Parapsettus panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) [=Psettus (Parapsettus) panamensis Steindachner [F.] 1876:79 [51], Pl. 7] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] (Pacific) Panama. Current status: Valid as Parapsettus panamensis (Steindachner 1876). Ephippidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. GENUS Platax Cuvier, 1816 [=Platax Cuvier [G.] 1816:334] Notes: [Le Règne Animal v. 2; ref. 993] Masc. Chaetodon teira of Bloch & Schneider 1801 (= Chaetodon teira Forsskål 1775). Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker 1876:309 [ref. 448]. •Valid as Platax Cuvier 1816 -- (Johnson 1984:465 [ref. 9681], Hayashi in Masuda et al. 1984:181 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:605 [ref. 5712], Kishimoto et al. 1988 [ref. 13446], Heemstra 2001:3612 [ref. 26298], Allen et al. 2006:1719 [ref. 29090], Kottelat 2013:437 [ref. 32989], Trnski 2015:1586 [ref. 34198], Motomura et al. 2017:201 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:346 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Platax Cuvier 1816. Ephippidae. Species Platax batavianus Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 [=Platax batavianus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:225] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Platax batavianus Cuvier 1831. Ephippidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Habitat: marine. Species Platax boersii Bleeker, 1853 [=Platax boersii Bleeker [P.] 1853:758] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 335] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Platax boersii Bleeker 1853. Ephippidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to Palau, north to southern Japan, south to New Guinea; waifs reaching Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Platax orbicularis (Forsskal, 1775) [=Chaetodon orbicularis Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:59, xii, Chaetodon albicauda Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:73, Platax albipunctatus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:69, Pl. 18 (fig. 4), Platax blochii Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:222, Platax ehrenbergii Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:221, Chaetodon guttulatus Cuvier [G.] 1829:193, Platax guttulatus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:226, Pl. 186 (part), Chaetodon pentacanthus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:454, 473, Pl. 11 (fig. 2), Chaetodon vespertilio Bloch [M. E.] 1787:67, Pl. 199 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Platax orbicularis (Forsskål 1775). Ephippidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga; introduced into Western Atlantic waters off Florida, U.S.A. Habitat: brackish, marine. (albicauda) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] India/ Ambon. Current status: Synonym of Platax orbicularis (Forsskål 1775). Ephippidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (albipunctatus) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Platax orbicularis