Court File No. 32968 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (APPEAL FROM THE ONTARIO COURT OF APPEAL) BETWEEN: ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO Appellant (Respondent in the Court of Appeal) - and - MICHAEL J. FRASER on his own behalf and on behalf of the UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS UNION CANADA, XIN YUAN I,IU, JULIA McGORMAN and BILLIE-JO CHURCH Respondents (Appellants in the Court of Appeal) - and - ONTARIO FEDERATION OF AGRICULTURE Lntervener (Intervening Party in the Court of Appeal) THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA, TIIE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW BRUNSWICK, TI-IE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NOVA SCOTIA, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF QUEBEC and THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF SASKATCHEWAN Interveners FACTUM OF TI-IE INTERVENER ONTARIO FEDERATION OF AGRICULTURE Heenan Blaikie LLP Heenan Blaikie LLP Bay Adelaide Centre 300-55 Metcalfe Street 333 Bay Street, Suite 2900 Ottawa, ON KIP 6J5 PO Box 2900 Toronto, ON M5H 2T4 John D.R. Craig - LSUC No. 41850V Judith Parisien Tel: 4 16-360-3527 Tel: 61 3-236-4673 Fax: 416-360-8425 Fax: 866-224-5596 Email: j craigaheenan.ca Email: [email protected] S. Jodi Gallagher - LSUC No. 49017B Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Tel: 416-360-3555 Ontario Federation of Agriculture Fax: 416-360-8425 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ontario Federation of Agriculture (Intervening Party in the Court of Appeal) ORIGINAL TO: The Registrar Supreme Court of Canada 301 Wellington Street Ottawa ON KIA OJ1 TO: Attorney General of Ontario Burke-Robertson Constitutional Law Branch 70 Gloucester Street 720 Bay Street, 4thFloor Ottawa, ON K2P OA2 Toronto, ON M5G 2K1 Robin K. Basu Robert E. Houston, Q.C. Tel: 416-326-4476 Tel: 61 3-566-2058 Fax: 416-326-401 5 Fax: 61 3-235-4430 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Shannon M. Chace Ottawa Agent for the Appellant Tel: 41 6-326-447 1 Fax: 416-326-4015 Counsel for the Appellant (Respondent in the Court of Appeal) Cavalluzzo Hayes Shilton McIntyre & Nelligan O'Brien Payne LLP Cornish LLP 1900-66 Slater Street Barristers and Solicitors Ottawa, ON KIP 5H1 474 Bathurst Street, Suite 300 Toronto, ON M5T 2S6 Paul J. J. Cavalluzzo Dougald E. Brown Tel: 416-964-5500 Tel: 613-231-8210 Fax: 416-964-5895 Fax: 61 3-788-3661 Email : pcavalluzzo@cavalluzzo .com Email: [email protected] Fay C. Faraday Ottawa Agent for the Respondents Tel: 41 6-964- 11 15 (Appellants in the Court of Appeal) Fax: 416-964-5895 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Respondents (Appellants in the Court of Appeal) Attorney General of Canada Deputy Attorney General of Canada Bank of Canada Building - East Tower Justice Canada 234 Wellington Street, Room 1212 Bank of Canada Building Ottawa, ON KIA OH8 234 Wellington Street, Room 1161 Ottawa, ON KIA OH8 Anne Turley Christopher Rupar Tel: 613-941 -2347 Tel: 613-941-2351 Fax: 61 3-954-1920 Email: [email protected] Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Attorney General of Canada Attorney General of Alberta Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP 9833-109 Street Barristers and Solicitors Bowker Building, 4thFloor 2600- 160 Elgin Street Edmonton, AB T5K 2E8 Ottawa, ON K1 P 1C3 Rod Wiltshire Henry S. Brown, Q.C. Tel: 780-422-7 145 Tel: 613-233-1781 Fax: 780-425-0307 Fax: 613-788-3433 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agents for the Intervener Attorney General of Alberta Attorney General of Alberta Attorney General of British Columbia Burke-Robertson Legal Services Branch Barristers and Solicitors 1301-865 Hornby Street 70 Gloucester Street Vancouver, BC V6Z 2G3 Ottawa, ON K2P OA2 Neena Sharma Robert E. Houston, Q.C. Tel: 604-660-0224 Tel: 6 13-236-9665 Fax: 604-660-6797 Fax: 613-235-4430 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Attorney General of British Columbia Attorney General of British Columbia Attorney General of New Brunswick Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP Centennial Building Barristers and Solicitors Room 445, 4t1' Floor 2600-160 Elgin Street 670 King Street Ottawa, ON K1 P 1C3 Fredericton, NB E3B 1Gl GaCtan Migneault Henry S. Brown, Q.C. Tel: 506-453-2222 Tel: 613-233-1781 Fax: 506-453-3275 Fax: 613-788-3433 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Attorney General of New Brunswick Attorney General of New Brunswick Attorney General of Newfoundland & Burke-Robertson Labrador Barristers and Solicitors Office of the Minister 70 Gloucester Street Department of Justice Ottawa, ON K2P OA2 P.O. Box 8700 4t" Floor, East Block Confederation Building St. John's, NL A1B 456 Donna Ballard Robert E. Houston, Q.C. Tel: 709-729-2869 Tel: 613-236-9665 Fax: 709-729-0469 Fax: 61 3-235-4430 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Attorney General of Newfoundland & Attorney General of Newfoundland & Labrador Labrador Attorney General of Nova Scotia Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP Department of Justice Nova Scotia Barristers and Solicitors 5 151 Terminal Road, 4thFloor 160 Elgin Street, 26thFloor P.O. Box 7 Ottawa, ON K1 P 1C3 Halifax, NS B3 J 2L6 Ed Gores Henry S. Brown, Q.C. Tel: 902-424-4030 Tel: 613-233-1781 Fax: 613-563-9869 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Attorney General of Nova Scotia Attorney General of Nova Scotia Attorney General of Quebec Noel & AssociCs s.e.n.c.r.1. 1200 route de l9~nglise,2e ~ta~e 11 1, rue Champlain Quebec, QC G1 V 4M1 Gatineau, QC J8X 3R1 Marise Visocchi Pierre Landry Tel: 41 8-643-1477 Tel: 8 19-771-7393 Fax: 41 8-646-1696 Fax: 819-771-5397 Email : [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Attorney General of Quebec Attorney General of Quebec Attorney General of Saskatchewan Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP Department of Justice Barristers and Solicitors Constitutional Law 2600-1 60 Elgin Street 8thFloor - 1874 Scarth Street Ottawa, ON K1 P 1C3 Regina, SK S4P 3V7 Graeme Mitchell Brian A. Crane Tel: 306-787-8385 Tel: 613-233-1781 Fax: 306-787-91 1 1 Fax: 613-563-9869 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Attorney General of Saskatchewan Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Attorney General of Saskatchewan GUIDE TO ABBREVIATIONS Document references Aff. - Affidavit AR - Appellant's Record Cr-ex. - Transcript of Cross Examination Exh. - Exhibit Witnesses Anderson - Annette Anderson (Appellant's witness, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) Basok - Prof. Tanya Basok (Respondents' witness on sociology) Brinkman - Dr. George Brinkman (Appellant's witness, farm economics) Chaykowski - Dr. Richard Chaykowski (Appellant's witness on labour relations policy) Delanghe - Hector Delanghe (OFA's witness, fruit and vegetable farmer) Fraser - Michael Fraser (Applicant, UFCW president) Fudge - Prof. Judy Fudge (Respondents' witness on labour law) Haverson - Clarence Haverson (Appellant's witness, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) Palmer - John Palmer (OFA's witness, dairy farmer) White - James White (Respondents' witness, farm financial conditions) LEGISLATION Tab No. Labour Relations Act, 1995, S.O. 1995, c. 1, Sched. A ..............................I Agricultural Employees Protection Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 16.. .................. .2 0. Reg. 414/05, made under the Occupational Heaith and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990,c.O.I........................................................................... 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. PART I .OVERVIEW AND FACTS ..................................................................... 1 PART II .ISSUES ................................................................................................ 1 PART III .ARGUMENT ........................................................................................ 1 Questions #I and #3) There is No Infringement of Section 2(d) of the Charter .............I i) The AEPA Meets and Exceeds the Constitutional Requirements Established in Dunmore ......................................................................................................................I ii) B.C. Health Services Offered Only Limited Protection for Collective Bargaining ...........2 iii) The Court of Appeal Erred in Applying Section 2(d) as a Positive Right .......................4 a) The Three Step Test for a Positive Application of Section 2(d) ................................ 4 b) Step One .The Claim Must be Grounded in the Fundamental Freedom .................5 1) Deference Still Applies in Labour Relations .........................................................5 2) Avoiding an Imbalance in the Labour Relations System .......................................8 3) Collective Bargaining Imposes Obligations and Costs on Employers ................... 9 c) Errors Committed by the Court of Appeal in Applying the First Step of the Test for a Positive Application of Section 2(d) .........................................................................9 I) The Content of the Positive Right Must be Defined by Reference to the Fundamental Freedom ......................................................................................I0 2) Courts Must Respect the Legitimate Role of Legislators ....................................12 3) Courts Must Avoid Creating Imbalances in the Labour Relations System ..........I3 d) The Appropriate Approach to Section