State of Pakistan’s Children 2006 Edited by: Fazila Gulrez © SPARC 2007 All rights reserved. No portion may be reproduced without the permission of SPARC. ISBN: 978-969-8616-15-1 First Edition: 1500 Copies Price: Rs 250 Published by SPARC (Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child) House No 151, Street No 37, F-10/1, Islamabad, Pakistan. Telephone: +92 51 229 1553/229 1559 Telefax: +92 51 229 1680 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Peshawar: 59-C/iii, Ground Floor, University Road, University Town Telephone: +92 91 570 6142 Email: [email protected] Karachi: No.304, Third Floor, Kashif Center, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi Telephone: +92 21 566 1731 Email: [email protected] Lahore: No. 3, Fifth Floor, Rahim Complex, 31-E, Main Market, Gulberg II Telephone: +92 42 571 6142 E-mail: [email protected] www.sparcpk.org This publication is published with the financial support granted by the Royal Norwegian Embassy and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Design and Printed by ENCORE, +92 51 226 1647, [email protected] Photo Credits: Cover Anees Jillani Chapter Titles: Health, Juvenile Justice, Violence (Anees Jillani) Child Labor, Education (Fahmina Naz), Earthquake (“© ICRC” F. Clarke) Full Inside : Health, Juvenile Justice (Anees Jillani), Violence (Tanveer Shahzad) Child Labor (Fahmina Naz), Education (Nazra Jehan), Earthquake (“© ICRC” F. Clarke) The State of Pakistan’s Children 2006 Contents SPARC’s Board of Directors .................................................................. x Abbreviations ......................................................................................... xi Preface ................................................................................................... xv Introduction .......................................................................................... xvii The Second National Policy and Plan of Action ................................. xxii Profile of South Asia ..........................................................................xxxiii 1. HEALTH: Fatal Neglect 3 Health Indicators ..................................................................................................5 Budget & Resources ............................................................................................6 Legislations and Proposed Acts ..........................................................................7 Proposed Act on HIV & AIDS .....................................................................7 National Plan for Prevention and Control of Blindness 2006 ...................8 Gateway Paper of Pakistan’s Health Policy Forum ...........................................11 Consultations for PRSP-II ..................................................................................12 Finalization of Child, Mother Care Project ........................................................12 Mother, Child Health Concerns ..........................................................................14 Infant and Child Mortality ........................................................................15 Neonatal Tetanus: A Major Killer .............................................................15 Under-five Mortality ..................................................................................16 Vaccination of Children ......................................................................................16 Measles and Expanded Program on Immunization ..........................................17 Health Concerns in 2006 ...................................................................................18 Diarrhea and Withering Breastfeeding ....................................................18 Priority Health Problems.................................................................................. ..21 Water Borne Diseases............................................................................ ..23 Thalassaemia ...........................................................................................24 Polio ....................................................................................................... ..26 SPARC Contents Malaria .....................................................................................................30 Epilepsy ....................................................................................................30 Malnutrition .............................................................................................. ..........31 Children in Balochistan on verge of Malnutrition ..................................32 Action Plan on Micronutrient Malnutrition ..............................................33 Quake Affected Children and Health .................................................................34 Child Amputees: What lies ahead! ..................................... ....................34 Psychological Trauma of Children ...................................................... ....35 AIDS ....................................................................................................................36 International Agencies and HIV and AIDS .......................................... ....39 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................44 Recommendations .............................................................................................44 2. CHILD LABOR: A Vicious Cycle .......................................49 Child Labor in Pakistan ......................................................................................50 Forms of Child Labor ........................................................................................ .53 Worst Forms of Child Labor ...............................................................................53 Child Labor in Carpet Industry ...............................................................55 Child Labor in Glass Bangle Industry .....................................................57 Child Labor in Surgical Industry .............................................................58 Child Labor in Rag Picking Business .....................................................59 Child Labor in Tanneries .........................................................................60 Child Labor in Deep Fishing Industry .....................................................61 Child Labor in Bondage and Forced Labor ............................................62 Child Labor in Domestic Service .......................................................................65 Child Labor in Begging Profession .........................................................66 Child Labor on the Streets ......................................................................66 Factors Contributing to Child Labor .................................................................66 Supply- Side Causes ...............................................................................67 Demand-Side Causes .............................................................................68 Consequences of Child Labor on Children ......................................................69 Legal and Regulatory Environment ..................................................................71 Legislation ...............................................................................................71 National and International Commitments ...............................................71 Challenges and Developments in 2006 ............................................................76 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-II ......................................................76 The ILO Committee Questions the Government ....................................76 The State of Pakistan’s Children 2006 Ratification of ILO Minimum Age Convention 1973 (No. 138) .........................78 Employment and Service Conditions Bill 2006: Still Lying on Tables ..........78 Legislating Domestic Work: Confused Progress ...................................79 Agreement between FIFA and ILO ...........................................................80 Mitigating Child Labor through Education in Pakistan ..........................81 Time Bound Program to Eliminate Worst Forms of Child Labor ...........81 SPARC National Campaign .....................................................................82 PBM to Expand Child Support Program .................................................83 Combat Child Labor through Media .......................................................83 Nike Sacks Saga over Child Labor Row ................................................ 84 Communication Strategy on Child Domestic Labor ...............................85 Child Labor: An Impediment to Education for All ..................................86 RugMark Campaign in US to End Child Labor in South Asia ................87 Conclusion .........................................................................................................88 Recommendations .............................................................................................90 3. EDUCATION: An Elusive Goal ..........................................95 First National Education Census (NEC) .........................................................100 UNESCO EFA Global Monitoring Report 2007 ...............................................103 UNESCO Education for All (EFA) Goals ...............................................104 Pakistan’s Progress towards EFA Goals ........................................................104