Paper 11: Special Interest Tourism Module 39: Prehistoric Sites: Stonehenge and Cave paintings Historical Development of Tourism and Hospitality in the World THE DEVELOPMENT TEAM Principal Investigator Prof. S. P. Bansal Vice Chancellor, Indira Gandhi University, Rewari Co-Principal Investigator Dr. Prashant K. Gautam Director, UIHTM, Panjab University, Chandigarh Paper Coordinator Prof. Deepak Raj Gupta School of Hospitality & Tourism Management (SHTM), Jammu University Dr.Umakant Indolia, Content Writer Co-ordinator Department of Tourism Management Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya,Haridwar,Uttarakhand Content Reviewer Prof. Pariskhit Manas Director , school of hospitality & tourism management Jammu university, Jammu ITEMS DESCRIPTION OF MODULE Subject Name Tourism and Hospitality Paper Name Special Interest Tourism Module Title Prehistoric Sites: Stonehenge and Cave paintings Module Id 39 Pre- Requisites Basic knowledge about Prehistoric Sites Objectives To study the meaning and concept Prehistoric Sites: Stonehenge and Cave paintings Keywords Prehistoric Sites, Stonehenge, Cave paintings TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcome 2. Introduction 3. Concept of Prehistoric Sites 3.1 Meaning of Prehistoric Sites 3.2 Types of Prehistoric Sites 4. Stonehenge, Cave paintings 4.1 Meaning and Characteristics of Stonehenge 4.2 Meaning and Characteristics of Cave paintings 4.3 Role of Prehistoric sites in the Development of Tourism 5. Summary QUADRANT-I 1. Learning Outcome After completing this module students will be able to: i. Understand the concept of Prehistoric Sites. ii. Various types of Prehistoric Sites. iii. Know the concept of Stonehenge, Cave paintings. iv. Understand the Role of Prehistoric sites in the Development of Tourism MEANING AND CONCEPT OF PREHISTORIC SITES: STONEHENGEAND CAVE PAINTINGS 2. Introduction Ancient times imply truly "Pre history", from the Latin word for "before", præ, and Greek ιστορία. Human ancient times is the period from the time that behaviorally and anatomically current people initially show up until the presence of written history taking after the creation of composing frameworks. Since both the season of settlement of present day people and the advancement of human civic establishments contrast from locale to area, ancient times begins and closures at various minutes in time, contingent upon the district concerned. It was first utilized as a part of the 1830s by a French excavator Paul Tournal. It was first utilized as a part of English by Daniel Wilson in 1851. Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus valley civilization and old Egypt were the primary civilizations to build up their own scripts, and to keep authentic records; this occurred as of now amid the early Bronze Age. Neighboring civic establishments were the first to take after. Most different human advancements achieved the finish of ancient times amid the Iron Age. The start of composed materials (thus the start of nearby "memorable circumstances") shifts; in many societies, particularly outside Eurasia, it takes after victory by a culture with composing, and regularly the soonest composed. Sources on pre-proficient societies originated from their educated neighbors. The period when a culture is composed about by others, however has not built up its own written work is regularly known as the proto-history of the way of life. By definition, there are no composed records from human ancient times, so dating of ancient materials is urgent. Clear procedures for dating were not all around created until the nineteenth century. Humankind overall, ancient times closes when written history When you separate the word ancient, it's anything but difficult to make sense of what it implies. The prefix pre-, signifies "before" and memorable identifies with something from a past culture. Assembled the two, and you get ancient, a word that portrays something that originates from a period before history was recorded. For instance, Stonehenge is an ancient site, or the wooly mammoth is an ancient brute. starts with the records of the old world around the fourth thousand years BC, and corresponds with the creation of composing. 3. Concept of Concept of Prehistoric Sites 3.1 Prehistoric Sites: An ancient site can be by and large characterized as a place where human movement happened and materials were deserted. Ancient locales are those at which such exercises happened before the approach of composed records. An assortment of sorts of destinations are spoken to inside the ancient archeological stock. Locales involved for just brief spans of time or amid particular circumstances of the year can be named transitory camps. Others, having a specific utilize are recognized as uncommon reason destinations while those possessed year round may be named changeless towns. Site sorts and frequencies change through time. As a rule, impermanent camps are more typical amid prior ancient circumstances when individuals were more transient, every now and again migrating to exploit occasionally accessible sustenance sources. Semi - perpetual and lasting towns start to show up as gatherings turn out to be more stationary, coming to depend on the social occasion and development of particular plants for their dietary needs. As may be normal, destinations involved for more noteworthy time allotments have a tendency to have a more prominent size and profundity than less changeless ones. It is likewise at a later date that locales with hills turn out to be more typical. Such destinations, utilized for internment and additionally stylized and authoritative capacities are presumably the best known about the ancient archeological locales in the state in view of their outwardly great hill highlights. Hill destinations in any case, speak to just a little part of the aggregate stock of ancient locales. Many are just scrambles of lithic material (stone chips and f lakes) on the surface of a field. This circumstance might be an impression of the brief length of occupation at the site. In different cases it is an aftereffect of disintegration whereby the dirt at the site has been washed away. Some of the time, the social stores at a site do reach out underneath the surface. These stores, when undisturbed, have the potential for giving essential logical data. Regularly, notwithstanding, such stores have been blended because of furrowing. And very every now and again they have been ruined by those that burrow for ancient rarities with no respect or worry for the way that they are obliterating the site (and a section our states (pre)history simultaneously). Ancient paleohistory is one of those chewy definitions that not everyone concedes to. For the most part, when contrasted with chronicled archaic exploration, ancient prehistoric studies alludes to the archeological stays of societies that are fundamentally pre-urban thus by definition don't have contemporary monetary and social records that can be counseled. The time profundity changes over the planet; and a few archeologists consider any culture untouched by European colonization as ancient - however positively. In this way, despite the fact that there may be differences about the last some portion of mankind's history, researchers would concur those ancient times incorporates the Stone Age (otherwise called the Paleolithic time frame), seeker gatherers, and the main cultivating groups. 3.2 Types of Prehistoric Sites: -Reed et al. (1986) have identified classes of archaeological site types Residential bases - These locales contain relic’s characteristic of preparing of different common assets and remains of genuinely long length. They may contain proof of homes, storerooms, hearths, and an expansive curio stock including non-versatile things like overwhelming crushing stones and stoneware, and variable little apparatus sorts from shot focuses to straightforward used drops. Site stratigraphy can be anticipated to be designed and moderately complex in both vertical and even measurements. These destinations ought to be arranged inside short separation of numerous covering asset exhibits including access to water, kindling, shielded area, and high thickness groups of plant and creature assets. Field camps - These locales could conceivably contain littler scale antique gatherings practically identical to those anticipated for private bases. Field camps are characterized as being on a littler scale than the private bases, as having fewer individuals included for the most part and maybe reflecting more particular exercises. These locales will frequently reflect extraction of single instead of different assets. They will incorporate chasing camps where amusement was butchered and softly prepared, seed-assembling camps where plant parts were diminished and handled for simple transport, and great angling areas where fish may be filleted and dried for pulling back to a private base. Field camps will have less designed site structure with less cases of expand social elements past straightforward hearths. Repetitive visits will tend to make occupations hard to characterize, and will bring about thick curio fixations with minimal articulated bunching reflecting worldly or utilitarian contrasts in the array. These destinations ought to be arranged inside genuinely guide closeness to the assets being tapped, regularly with less worry for access of water, kindling, or protected area. Procurement locations - These destinations will contain confirmation of centred extraction of a solitary vital asset, and ought not reflect remains of any term. There will be