Inflammation in Cachexia

Inflammation in Cachexia

Mediators of Inflammation Inflammation in Cachexia Guest Editors: M. Seelaender, A. Laviano, S. Busquets, G. P. Püschel, T. Margaria, and M. L. Batista Jr. Inflammation in Cachexia Mediators of Inammation Inflammation in Cachexia Guest Editors: M. Seelaender, A. Laviano, S. Busquets, G. P. Püschel, T. Margaria, and M. L. Batista Jr. Copyright © òýÔ Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. is is a special issue published in “Mediators of Inammation.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Anshu Agrawal, USA Mirella Giovarelli, Italy Hannes Neuwirt, Austria Muzamil Ahmad, India Denis Girard, Canada Marja Ojaniemi, Finland Simi Ali, UK Ronald Gladue, USA Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira, Brazil Amedeo Amedei, Italy Hermann Gram, Switzerland Vera L. Petricevich, Mexico Jagadeesh Bayry, France Oreste Gualillo, Spain Carolina T. Piñeiro, Spain Philip Buer, Germany Elaine Hatanaka, Brazil Marc Pouliot, Canada Elisabetta Buommino, Italy Nina Ivanovska, Bulgaria Michal Amit Rahat, Israel Luca Cantarini, Italy Yona Keisari, Israel Alexander Riad, Germany Claudia Cocco, Italy Alex Kleinjan, Netherlands Sunit Kumar Singh, India Dianne Cooper, UK Magdalena Klink, Poland Helen C. Steel, South Africa Jose Crispin, Mexico Marije I. Koenders, Netherlands Dennis D. Taub, USA Fulvio D’Acquisto, UK Elzbieta Kolaczkowska, Poland Kathy Triantalou, UK Pham My-Chan Dang, France Dmitri V. Krysko, Belgium Fumio Tsuji, Japan Wilco de Jager, Netherlands Philipp M. Lepper, Germany Peter Uciechowski, Germany Beatriz De las Heras, Spain Changlin Li, USA Giuseppe Valacchi, Italy Chiara De Luca, Germany Eduardo López-Collazo, Spain Luc Vallières, Canada Clara Di Filippo, Italy Antonio Macciò, Italy Elena Voronov, Israel Maziar Divangahi, Canada Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner, Greece Jyoti J. Watters, USA Amos Douvdevani, Israel Francesco Marotta, Italy Soh Yamazaki, Japan Ulrich Eisel, Netherlands Donna-Marie McCaerty, Canada Teresa Zelante, Singapore Stefanie B. Flohé, Germany Barbro N. Melgert, Netherlands Dezheng Zhao, USA Tânia Silvia Fröde, Brazil Vinod K. Mishra, USA Freek J. Zijlstra, Netherlands Julio Galvez, Spain Eeva Moilanen, Finland Christoph Garlichs, Germany Jonas Mudter, Germany Contents Inammation in Cachexia, M. Seelaender, A. Laviano, S. Busquets, G. P. Püschel, T. Margaria, and M. L. Batista Jr. Volume òýÔ , Article ID çâÀ ¥, ò pages Nonmuscle Tissues Contribution to Cancer Cachexia, Josep M. Argilés, Britta Stemmler, Francisco J. López-Soriano, and Silvia Busquets Volume òýÔ , Article ID ÔòÞò, À pages Potential Biomarkers of Fat Loss as a Feature of Cancer Cachexia, Maryam Ebadi and Vera C. Mazurak Volume òýÔ , Article ID òýÀç¥, pages Cancer as a Proinammatory Environment: Metastasis and Cachexia, Nelson Inácio Pinto, June Carnier, Lila M. Oyama, Jose Pinhata Otoch, Paulo Sergio Alcântara, Flavio Tokeshi, and Claudia M. Nascimento Volume òýÔ , Article ID ÞÀÔýâý, Ôç pages Role of Inammation in Muscle Homeostasis and Myogenesis, Domiziana Costamagna, Paola Costelli, Maurilio Sampaolesi, and Fabio Penna Volume òýÔ , Article ID ý ÔÞò, Ô¥ pages Cancer Cachexia and MicroRNAs, Rodolfo Gonzalez Camargo, Henrique Quintas Teixeira Ribeiro, Murilo Vieira Geraldo, Emídio Matos-Neto, Rodrigo Xavier Neves, Luiz Carlos Carnevali Jr., Felipe Fedrizzi Donatto, Paulo S. M. Alcântara, José P. Ottoch, and Marília Seelaender Volume òýÔ , Article ID çâÞ âÔ, pages Contribution of Neuroinammation to the Pathogenesis of Cancer Cachexia, Alessio Molno, Gianfranco Gioia, Filippo Rossi Fanelli, and Alessandro Laviano Volume òýÔ , Article ID ýÔâ , Þ pages A Survey of Attitudes towards the Clinical Application of Systemic Inammation Based Prognostic Scores in Cancer, David G. Watt, Campbell S. Roxburgh, Mark White, Juen Zhik Chan, Paul G. Horgan, and Donald C. McMillan Volume òýÔ , Article ID ¥òýÞý, Þ pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2015, Article ID 536954, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/536954 Editorial Inflammation in Cachexia M. Seelaender,1 A. Laviano,2 S. Busquets,3 G. P. Püschel,4 T. Margaria,5 and M. L. Batista Jr.6 1 Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao˜ Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Universita37,00185Rome,Italy` 3Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 4Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114, 11614558 Nuthetal, Germany 5Lero, The Irish Software Research Center, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland 6Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Integrated Group of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Avenida Dr. Candidoˆ Xavier de Almeida Souza 200, Centro C´ıvico, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to M. Seelaender; [email protected] Received 11 August 2015; Accepted 11 August 2015 Copyright © 2015 M. Seelaender et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cachexia is a complex wasting syndrome associated with a in cachexia, in regard to its consequences and to its possible markeddetrimentaleffectuponlifequalityandsurvivalin role in providing early markers for the diagnosis of the syn- patients with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drome. (COPD), chronic heart failure, AIDS, and chronic kidney Cancer cachexia-related neuroinflammation is discussed disease, among other conditions. Its prevalence is of around byA.Molfinoetal.,astheauthorsproposeaconcep- 5 to 15% in cardiac patients at end stage, rising up to 30%, in tual framework in which the hypothalamus transduces the COPD and chronic kidney disease patients, and to 80%, in peripheralchallengerepresentedbythepresenceofthe patients with advanced cancer. Cachexia symptoms include tumour into catabolic signals, as a result of central inflam- pronounced weight loss, due to both lean and fat mass mation. A contribution by N. Inacio´ Pinto et al. examines the wasting: anorexia, malabsorption, nausea, asthenia, neuroen- role of inflammatory signalling factors involved in the com- docrine changes, immune system function impairment, and munication among the peripheral tissue, tumour microenvi- disruption of energy metabolism. Despite its unquestionable ronment, and the central nervous system. Another view of relevance to the poorer outcome of treatment in disease and such interactions is provided by J. M. Argiles et al., who bring its high prevalence among patients, the syndrome is still similar emphasis on the conversation among different body underdiagnosed and seldom treated. Part of the difficulty in compartments and organs in cancer cachexia. The authors treating cachexia relies on the fact that, in the clinical setting, comment on the significance of tissues other than the skeletal thesyndromeisrecognisedsolelyinitsmostadvancedstages, muscle in the mechanisms underlying the syndrome, propos- when therapy available to the present day is not able to ing that the latter suffers wasting as a consequence of systemic fully reverse its symptoms. Therefore, scientists and clinicians inflammatory changes. Adding information on the role of should focus on identifying early changes, as to intervene in inflammatory factors on muscle wasting, D. Costamagna et a precocious manner. al. discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle The aetiology of cachexia has not been fully unveiled, yet homeostasis disruption and mass loss. it appears that chronic systemic inflammation is present in The quest for markers of the initiation of cachexia is also the vast majority of patients. The aim of the present special debated: M. Ebadi and V. C. Mazurak propose the adop- issue is to address the importance of systemic inflammation tion of adipose tissue-derived factors as indicators of early 2 Mediators of Inflammation inflammatory alterations that induce fat mass wasting in the syndrome. R. Camargo et al. review the potential of mic- roRNAs in the regulation of cancer-cachexia systemic inflam- mation and put forward the possibility that these molecules may serve as diagnostic tools. Finally, the article by D. Watt et al. presents the convenience and adequacy of employing prognostic scores that include systemic inflammation assess- ment as a valuable means for cachexia diagnosis. Taken together, the issue provides insights on the impor- tance of detecting early signs of inflammatory changes in patients and examines the mechanisms that act in concert, inducing cachexia symptoms. M. Seelaender A. Laviano S. Busquets G. P. Puschel¨ T. Margaria M. L. Batista Jr. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2015, Article ID 182872, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/182872 Review Article Nonmuscle Tissues Contribution to Cancer Cachexia Josep M. Argilés,1,2 Britta Stemmler,3 Francisco J. López-Soriano,1,2 and Silvia Busquets1,2 1 Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioqu´ımica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 2Institut

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