Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2018-0479.R2 Ahmadi Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of the Kissing Gourami (Helostoma temminckii) from Sungai Batang River, Indonesia Journal: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology ManuscriptFor ID SJST-2018-0479.R2 Review Only Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the 28-Oct-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Ahmadi, .; Lambung Mangkurat University, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Environmental and Natural Keyword: Resources For Proof Read only Page 1 of 27 Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2018-0479.R2 Ahmadi 1 2 3 Original Article 4 5 6 7 8 Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of the Kissing Gourami 9 10 (Helostoma temminckii) from Sungai Batang River, Indonesia 11 12 13 14 15 Ahmadi 16 17 Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Lambung Mangkurat University 18 19 BanjarbaruFor Review 70714, South Kalimantan, Only Indonesia. 20 21 22 Corresponding Author, E-mail address: [email protected] 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 For Proof Read only Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2018-0479.R2 Ahmadi Page 2 of 27 1 2 3 Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of the Kissing Gourami 4 5 6 (Helostoma temminckii) from Sungai Batang River, Indonesia 7 8 9 Abstract 10 11 12 The length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of the Kissing Gourami 13 14 (Helostoma temminckii) from Sungai Batang River, Indonesia were investigated. The fish 15 16 were collected using bamboo stage-trap, portable trap and hand liftnet. A total of 120 males 17 18 19 and 86 females (55-190 mm total length and 4-109 g weight) were analyzed using SPSS-16 20 21 software. There was no Forsignificance Review difference in theOnly total length between sexes (P>0.05). 22 23 However, female had body depth, body weight, the W/TL ratio and relative condition factor 24 25 26 greater than male (P<0.05). About 27% of total catch falls within the range of 120-129 mm 27 28 TL. The heaviest catch (30.83%) weighed between 30 and 49 g. The W/TL ratio of H. 29 30 temminckii female in the present study was higher than H. temminckii species from other 31 32 33 different geographical areas. The fish grew negatively allometric (b=2.78-2.90). Outcomes of 34 35 this study could be useful for fisheries management and conservation measures in this river. 36 37 38 39 40 41 Key words: Allometric, Helostoma temminckii, length-weight, relative condition factor, and 42 43 Sungai Batang 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 For Proof Read only Page 3 of 27 Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2018-0479.R2 Ahmadi 1 2 3 1. Introduction 4 5 6 Like other freshwater fish species, the Kissing Gourami (Helostoma temminckii) 7 8 9 belongs to family Helostomatidae are also widely distributed and commercially sold 10 11 particularly in Southeast Asia (Vidthayanon, 2012). It beneficially supports fish farming, 12 13 aquarium fish industry and recreational fishing activities. It can be found in rivers, wetlands, 14 15 16 peat forest and swamps (Fahmi-Ahmad, Rizal, & Amirrudin, 2015; Thornton, Dudin, Page, 17 18 Upton, & Harrison, 2018), and can tolerate low dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. It can also be 19 20 cultured in the earthen pond, and the best growth is achieved during the 9-month culture 21 For Review Only 22 23 period, the body weight increases ranged from 46 to 123% (Zohrah & Haji Kasim, 2002). 24 25 Pollution, overfishing and wetland conversion may potentially threaten to this species 26 27 (Umbamnata, Diantari, & Hasani, 2015). 28 29 30 Numerous studies on H. temminckii have been dedicated to describe for example, 31 32 visual sensitivity (Sakai, Wang, & Naka, 1995), hearing ability (Yan, 1998), meristic and 33 34 35 morphometric characteristics (Muryati, Putra, & Efizon, 2016), genetic diversity (Arifin, 36 37 Cahyanti, & Kristanto, 2017a), ‘kissing behavior’ (Ferry, Konow, & Gibb, 2012), skin color 38 39 changes (Kopecký, Král, Čurlej, & Mrázová, 2012), food and feeding habits (Prianto, 40 41 Husnah, Nurdawaty, & Asyari, 2016; Asyari, 2007), functional morphology of the head 42 43 44 (Liem, 1967) and fishing activity (Thornton et al., 2018), as well as overview of aquaculture 45 46 technology for this species (Yurisma, 2009). To manage the H. temminckii fishery resource 47 48 rationally, it is therefore needed in-depth knowledge of its biology, feeding habit and ecology 49 50 51 (Khairul Adha et al., 2009). The length-weight relationship is commonly used for analyzing 52 53 growth pattern, condition factor, survival, maturity and reproduction of various fish species 54 55 from different geographical areas (Asadi, Sattari, Motalebi, Zamani-Faradonbeh, & Gheytasi, 56 57 58 2017; Buragohain, 2018), and advanced techniques for morphometric analysis was recently 59 60 presented (Mojekwu & Anumudu, 2015). For Proof Read only Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2018-0479.R2 Ahmadi Page 4 of 27 1 2 3 The Kissing Gourami is locally called Tambakan or Biawan (Figure 1). They are 4 5 6 being caught from the river/swamp using different types of fishing gears such as lukah 7 8 (portable trap), tempirai (bamboo stage-trap) and hancau (hand liftnet). Lukah is an 9 10 elongated tube-shaped made of bamboo (150 cm) diameter of 20 cm containing one entry 11 12 funnel mounted on the inside of conical-shape and tapering inside to about 2.5 cm, called 13 14 15 hinjap (one-way valve, made of elastic rattan; about 40 cm one to other), and containing one 16 17 exclusion funnel at the opposite side. Thus, fish can enter easily but it is difficult to escape. 18 19 Tempirai is made of heart-shaped bamboo, 52 cm high, 37 cm width, and 5 cm wide opening 20 21 For Review Only 22 of the entrance slit. A small trap door on the top allowed for removal of catches. Hancau is 23 24 consisted of tampuatar (4 m long bamboo), rangau (bamboo lath of 175 cm, diameter of 2 25 26 cm for connecting between nets) and tabulilingan (buffer). The net size is about 1.5 m2 with 27 28 29 15 mm mesh size. There is no published literature on fisheries and aquaculture of H. 30 31 temminckii particularly in Sungai Batang River. For this reason, we investigated the length- 32 33 weight relationship and condition factor of the fish to provide some fundamental suggestions 34 35 for better fisheries management. 36 37 38 39 2. Materials and Methods 40 41 42 The research was conducted in Sungai Batang River, Martapura of South Kalimantan 43 44 Province (Figure 2), located on 03°22'36 S and 114°49'29 E, determined by GPS-60 Garmin, 45 46 Taiwan. The river supports the local economic activities such as fishery, agriculture and 47 48 49 irrigation. The village consists mostly of wetland area with water level fluctuation between 50 51 0.5 and 2 m. 52 53 54 A total of 206 individuals of H. temminckii comprising 120 males and 86 females 55 56 were directly collected from local fishermen who living in Sungai Batang village in the early 57 58 morning and purchased periodically every two weeks during April to May 2018. However, 59 60 For Proof Read only Page 5 of 27 Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-2018-0479.R2 Ahmadi 1 2 3 we cannot distinguish the catch based on the three types of fishing gear used because the fish 4 5 6 sold were mixed. As a result, no additional data about the catch per unit effort were presented 7 8 in this study. Fish were identified for sex, and measured for total length (TL) and body depth 9 10 (BDD) and weight (W). The total length was taken from the tip of the snout to the extended 11 12 tip of the caudal fin, while body depth was measured from the dorsal fin origin vertically to 13 14 15 the ventral midline of the body using a ruler to the nearest mm. The whole body weight was 16 17 determined with a digital balance to an accuracy of 0.01 g (Dretec KS-233, Japan). The 18 19 length-weight size distribution of fish sampled was set at 10-interval class, and was stated in 20 21 For Review Only 22 percent. The length-weight relationship of fish was expressed in the allometric form (Froese, 23 24 2006): 25 26 W = aLb (1) 27 28 29 The length-weight relationship of fish can also be represented in logarithmic equation: 30 31 Log W= Log a + b Log L (2) 32 33 34 Where: W is the weight (g), L is the total length (mm), a is the constant showing the initial 35 36 growth index and b is the slope showing growth coefficient. The b exponent with a value 37 38 39 between 2.5 and 3.5 is used to describe typical growth dimensions of relative wellbeing of 40 41 fish population (Bagenal, 1978). The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied for 42 43 checking any difference between male and female in term of growth pattern. The statistical 44 45 46 significance of the isometric exponent (b) was analyzed by a function (Sokal & Rohlf, 1987): 47 48 t = (b-3) / S (3) 49 s b 50 51 Where ts is the t student statistics test value, b is the slope and Sb is the standard error of the 52 53 54 slope.