CURRENT PRACTICE ON CROSS-PASSAGE DESIGN TO SUPPORT SAFETY IN RAIL AND METRO TUNNELS ITA-COSUF Regulations, Guidelines and Best Practice N° ISBN: 978-2-9701242-4-5 ITA COSUF N° 03 / MAY 2019 ITA COSUF ITA Committee on Operational Safety of Underground Facilities ITA COSUF n° 03 - Current practice on cross-passage design to support safety in rail and metro tunnels N°ISBN: 978-2-9701242-4-5 / May 2019 The International Tunnelling and Underground Space Association/Association Internationale des Tunnels et de l’Espace Souterrain (ITA/AITES) publishes this report to, in accordance with its statutes, facilitate the exchange of information, in order: to encourage planning of the subsurface for the benefit of the public, environment and sustainable development to promote advances in planning, design, construction, maintenance and safety of tunnels and underground space, by bringing together information thereon and by studying questions related thereto. This report has been prepared by professionals with expertise within the actual subjects. The opinions and statements are based on sources believed to be reliable and in good faith. However, ITA/AITES accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the material published in this report. This material is: information of a general nature only which is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual or entity; not necessarily comprehensive, complete, accurate or up to date; This material is not professional or legal advice (if you need specific advice, you should always consult a suitably qualified professional). CURRENT PRACTICE ON CROSS-PASSAGE DESIGN TO SUPPORT SAFETY IN RAIL AND METRO TUNNELS ITA-COSUF Regulations, Guidelines and Best Practice Cross-passages are important elements of twin-tube rail or metro tunnels. During construction and operation, the cross-passages serve different functions. For the operation phase of a tunnel, major requirements result from the different needs of normal, maintenance and emergency mode of tunnel operation. During an emergency, cross-passages contribute significantly to the safety of tunnels by providing an escape route for the tunnel users from the incident to the non-incident tube, i.e. to a safe area, and by providing an access route for emergency forces from the safe area to the incident tube. Cross-passages need to be designed such that smoke or hazardous gases may not propagate into or through the cross-passages in order to protect the safe area in the non-incident tube. During normal operation, the cross-passages shall house and protect tech- nical equipment of various technical systems (e.g. low voltage power supply, data / communication installations, etc.). During maintenance, the cross-passages shall support a safe working environment for staff. Different layouts of cross-passages for rail and metro tunnels are implemented to support the predefined protection goals within the overall safety concept and to meet the other functional requirements. This document aims at supporting the design of appropriate safety aspects of cross-passages in rail and metro tunnels by providing an overview of safety relevant aspects and common practice. Designers should consider them and analyse to which extent the given layouts and requirements apply to their project of interest. The document at hand was established by “Activity Group 2 – Regulations, Guidelines and Best Practice” of the Committee on Operational Safety of Underground Facilities (COSUF) of the International Tunnelling and Under- ground Space Association (ITA). Major contributions to the document were given by Marco Bettelini, Marc Boitel, Les Fielding, Helmut Kern, Reto Linder, Samuel Rigert and Severin Waelchli under the lead of Stig Ravn and Peter Reinke of Activity Group 2. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the reviewers Eric Premat, Haukur Ingasson, John Day and members of the ITA-COSUF Steering Board who have enriched this work. For the future, any comments and suggestions to further update or expand this overview are very welcome. >> TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5 2 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................ 5 3 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 6 4 DEFINITIONS AND REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ............................................................ 6 4.1 DEFINITIONS 6 4.2 RELATED STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES 7 4.3. REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS 8 5 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR CROSS-PASSAGE .......................................................... 8 6 PURPOSE AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF CROSS-PASSAGES ...................... 9 6.1 OVERVIEW 9 6.2 PURPOSE DURING CONSTRUCTION 9 6.3 PURPOSE DURING NORMAL OPERATION 9 6.4 PURPOSE DURING MAINTENANCE 10 6.5 PURPOSE DURING INCIDENTS 10 7 TYPICAL DESIGN SOLUTIONS AND NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR CROSS- PASSAGES ......................................................................................................................... 10 7.1 NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS 10 7.2 LAYOUT OF CROSS-PASSAGE 13 7.3 APPEARANCE AND VISIBILITY 16 7.4 EQUIPMENT 18 7.5 SAFETY COMPONENTS IN THE TUNNEL TUBES 23 8 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF CROSS-PASSAGES (STATE-OF-THE-ART) ............... 24 8.1 RAIL TUNNELS 24 8.1.1 GOTTHARD-BASE TUNNEL 24 8.1.2 LOETSCHBERG BASE TUNNEL 28 8.1.3 NEW GUANJIAO TUNNEL 31 8.1.4 STUTTGART 21 33 8.2 METRO TUNNELS 34 8.2.1 DELHI METRO LINE 8 35 8.2.2 METRO MILAN LINE M5 36 8.2.3 METRO DOHA PHASE 1 GOLD LINE 37 9 CONCLUSIONS ON CURRENT PRACTICE AND TRENDS ............................................ 38 4 ITA-COSUF – REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTICE 1 >> INTRODUctiON / 2 >> OBJEctiVES 1 INTRODUCTION • To support ventilation purposes and Safety guidelines for road tunnels have reached the environmental control of the tunnels a high level of detail and exhibit a substantial An increasing share of traffic tunnels are during all operation modes degree of international harmonization. In designed as twin-tube systems. The tubes • To provide a passage for tunnel works contrast, safety requirements for rail tunnels are inter-connected by galleries. During the and transportation (conveyor belts, and underground systems are limited to more construction, operation and refurbishment pipes, cables, drainage, vehicles, etc.) basic requirements and are less uniform phases of the tunnel’s lifecycle, these cross- during construction and refurbishment (e.g. TSI-SRT [1], NFPA 130 [15], UIC passages may serve different purposes: phases. [5]). This applies as well to cross-passage design of rail and metro tunnels. Therefore, • To connect an incident tube with a safe Because of these various requirements and a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art, area by providing an egress path for boundary conditions, the layout of cross- safety-oriented cross-passage design for rail evacuees or an access path for rescue passages in tunnels may vary considerably. and metro tunnels is desirable. services during an emergency In addition, the construction of cross- • To offer a temporary shelter or waiting passages in twin-tube tunnels may be a The layout and key parameters characterizing area for evacuees or rescue services risk-prone activity and become a costly cross-passages, including maximum distance, during an emergency task depending on the ground conditions. minimum dimensions, technical equipment • To provide an aerodynamic, fire- and Therefore, the design of cross-passages and level of protection, depend on a number smoke-safe separation between different requires particular attention in order to meet of regulations and vary significantly from tubes during all operation modes the numerous technical, legal, safety and country to country. Such differences are only • To house technical equipment in a economic requirements. partly due to the specific characteristics of controlled environment during all a tunnel but are related to a large extent to operation modes Specific aspects of the aforementioned the lack of explicit regulations or references • To provide an access path for staff to requirements of cross-passages are the on such issues. An overview appears helpful technical equipment inside the cross- tasks to provide operational safety and the to present similarities and differences and passage or in the opposite tube(s) consideration of the specific requirements of facilitate the proper inclusion of operational during maintenance mode of operation rail and metro tunnels. safety requirements in tunnel design. 2 OBJECTIVES This document aims at supporting the The following aspects shall be addressed design of safety aspects of cross-passages herein: in rail and metro tunnels. Objectives of the current practice overview at hand are as • Basic concepts of cross-passages and follows: relevant reference documents • Functions of cross-passages and • To provide expert guidance for general functional requirements design issues and optimum design • Overview of normative requirements • To avoid suboptimal design and prevent • Typical design solutions with respect to mistakes, which could require costly layout, appearance, main dimensions, refurbishments equipment and protection • To provide practical examples of current • Illustrative examples from tunnels in practice operation or at an advanced design • To support